ArticleJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology2022
Effect of Propolis on Precocious Puberty in Female Rats
Article in Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors and preventive strategies for precocious puberty: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Letter to the Editor Regarding “Effect of Propolis on Precocious Puberty in Female Rats” - Does Propolis Induce Thelarche and Gynecomastia in Prepubertal Children?Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Nutrition and exposure to various chemicals, including environmental pollution, insecticides, and plant phytoestrogens (having oestrogen-like effects), are environmental factors that affect puberty onset. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of propolis, which has been reported to have oestrogenic effects, on precocious puberty and the reproductive system in prepubertal female rats (ovary, endometrium, breast). Methods: Thirty-four 25-day-old, prepubertal, female Sprague-Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly divided into the propolis (n=17) and control groups (n=17). The primary endpoint was the number of rats that developed vaginal opening, a sign of puberty, at 12-day follow-up. In addition, the effect of propolis on ovary, uterus and breast tissue was evaluated histologically. Results: Vaginal patency occurred earlier (about 7.5 days sooner) in the propolis group and all animals in the propolis group had vaginal patency by day 12. The number of ovarian follicles (in all follicles), endometrial thickness, and mammary gland secretory gland area were significantly higher in the propolis group than in the control group (all p<0.001). In addition, Ki-67 activity in the endometrium, breast tissue and ovary was more intense in the propolis group compared to the control group (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Propolis triggers precocious puberty in female rats, possibly by interacting with the oestrogen receptor. The mechanism of action of propolis should be considered before prescribing it. In addition, further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action of propolis and to determine the component of propolis that triggers puberty.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.