Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2022
Stunting Status and Exposure to Infection and Inflammation in Early Life Shape Antibacterial Immune Cell Function Among Zimbabwean Children.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01824940 (Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of IGF-1 and IL-10 in Childhood Stunting: Evidence From Indonesia.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
- Nutrition interventions improved linear growth in children under five with pre-stunting, stunting, and severe stunting in Surabaya, Indonesia.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Systems biology insights into the molecular drivers of childhood stunting and implications for intervention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Anemia as a Part of the Triple Burden Among Children Under-Five with Stunting and Tuberculosis in Bandung, Indonesia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Preschoolers in severely food insecure Guatemalan Mayan households consume a monotonous grain-based diet.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinant factors influencing stunting prevention behaviors among working mothers in West Java Province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Stunting Among Low-Income Families in Indonesia: Is Mother's Employment a Risk Factor?Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Salivary microbiome profile shifts after scaling in stunted children.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Novel gastrointestinal tools (GI Tools) for evaluating gut functional capacity in adults with environmental enteropathy in Zambia and Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study protocol.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Levels of stunting associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: A multi-level ordinal logistic regression analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between severe acute malnutrition in childhood and hematological disorders in adulthood: the Lwiro follow-up study in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Severe acute malnutrition promotes bacterial binding over proinflammatory cytokine secretion by circulating innate immune cells.Science advances · 2023Article
- Globally elevated levels of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation in early infancy are associated with poor growth trajectory in Bangladeshi children.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The interlink between chrono-nutrition and stunting: current insights and future perspectives.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Children who are stunted (length-for-age Z-score<-2) are at greater risk of infectious morbidity and mortality. Previous studies suggest that stunted children have elevated inflammatory biomarkers, but no studies have characterised their capacity to respond to new infections (i.e., their immune function). We hypothesised that antibacterial immune function would differ between stunted and non-stunted children and relate to their health and environment during early life. Methods: We enrolled a cross-sectional cohort of 113 HIV-negative children nested within a longitudinal cluster-randomised controlled trial of household-level infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in rural Zimbabwe (SHINE; Clinical trials registration: NCT01824940). Venous blood was collected at 18 months of age and cultured for 24 h without antigen or with bacterial antigens: heat-killed Results: Children who were stunted (n = 44) had higher proportions (86.4% vs. 65.2%; 88.6% Conclusions: Antibacterial immune function among 18-month-old children in a low-income setting was shaped by their stunting status and prior exposure to maternal inflammation and household WASH. Heterogeneity in immune function due to adverse exposures in early life could plausibly contribute to infection susceptibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.