SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2022
Rituximab, Omalizumab, and Dupilumab Treatment Outcomes in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dupilumab treatment outcomes in bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Time to Disease Control with Dupilumab for Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for bullous pemphigoid.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Targeted therapy for immune mediated skin diseases. What should a dermatologist know?Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaPooled it
- Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaPooled it
- Stapokibart, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin 4 receptor α subunit: Promising results in a retrospective cohort of patients with bullous pemphigoid.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- CD19×CD3 bispecific T cell engager treatment induces remission in experimental pemphigoid disease.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Biologics and Small Molecule Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.Drugs · 2026Review
- A rare case of keloid combined with bullous pemphigoid.Dermatology reports · 2026Article
- Dupilumab for Treatment-refractory Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case Series of Six Patients.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- A case report of IgA-mediated anti-Laminin-γ1 (p200) pemphigoid successfully treated with stapokibart combined with corticosteroids.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Thematic Evolution and Diversification of Bullous Pemphigoid Research: A Bibliometric Analysis, 1959-2025.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Pemphigus herpetiformis: A case report of response to dupilumab after failure of multiple conventional therapies.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Personalized Biologic Therapy for Refractory Bullous Pemphigoid: Sequential Omalizumab, Dupilumab, and Rituximab.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Omalizumab in the management of bullous pemphigoid: a six-month retrospective study.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Article
- Combination biologic therapy in bullous pemphigoid: two case reports and a focused review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Upadacitinib for the treatment of refractory bullous pemphigoid: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Obinutuzumab-induced bullous eruption.Dermatology online journal · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease of the skin. First-line treatment of systemic corticosteroids may cause serious adverse events. Rituximab, omalizumab, and dupilumab should be explored as alternative treatment options to improve outcomes. Objective: To systematically review the rituximab, omalizumab, and dupilumab treatment outcomes in bullous pemphigoid. Methods: A PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library search were conducted on March 10, 2022. A total of 75 studies were included using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: Use of rituximab (n=122), omalizumab (n=53) and dupilumab (n=36) were reported in 211 patients with BP. Rituximab led to complete remission in 70.5% (n=86/122) and partial remission in 23.8% (n=29/122) of patients within 5.7 months, with a recurrence rate of 20.5% (n=25/122). 9.0% (n=11/122) of patients died and infection (6.6%, n=8/122) was the most common adverse event. Omalizumab led to complete remission in 67.9% (n=36/53) and partial remission in 20.8% (n=11/53) of patients within 6.6 months, with a recurrence rate of 5.7% (n=3/53). 1.9% (n=1/53) of patients died and thrombocytopenia (1.9%, n=1/53) was observed as the most common adverse event. Dupilumab led to complete remission in 66.7% (n=24/36) and partial remission in 19.4% (n=7/36) of patients within 4.5 months of treatment without any reported adverse events, with a recurrence rate of 5.6% (n=2/36). Conclusions: Rituximab, omalizumab, and dupilumab have similar clinical benefits for BP patients. However, rituximab resulted in higher recurrence rates, adverse events, and mortality rates. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022316454.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.