ArticleBritish journal of cancer2022
A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania: findings from the ESCCAPE case-control studies.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- The association between coffee consumption and esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current observational evidence.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological risk factors and inferred p53 pathway dysregulation in Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Somali population.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram incorporating dietary factors for predictingWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Regulatory Effects of Coffee/Chlorogenic Acid and Tea/Epigallocatechin-3-Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Alterations in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in a High-Incidence Region of China.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in South Africa: a study of prevalence, co-infection, and risk factors.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- The causal effect of hot beverage temperature preference on esophageal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Shadows: Uncovering their Function in Non-Coding Region of Esophageal Cancer.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Why Am I Ill? Beliefs in Supernatural and Natural Causes of Ill Health at the Time of Diagnostic Workup of Patients With Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania.JCO global oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Drinking patterns, alcoholic beverage types, and esophageal cancer risk in Africa: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Risk factors of oesophageal cancer at health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConsumption of very-hot beverages/food is a probable carcinogen. In East Africa, we investigated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk in relation to four thermal exposure metrics separately and in a combined score.
methodsFrom the ESCCAPE case-control studies in Blantyre, Malawi (2017-20) and Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (2015-19), we used logistic regression models adjusted for country, age, sex, alcohol and tobacco, to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported thermal exposures whilst consuming tea, coffee and/or porridge.
resultsThe study included 849 cases and 906 controls. All metrics were positively associated with ESCC: temperature of drink/food (OR 1.92 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.46) for 'very hot' vs 'hot'), waiting time before drinking/eating (1.76 (1.37, 2.26) for <2 vs 2-5 minutes), consumption speed (2.23 (1.78, 2.79) for 'normal' vs 'slow') and mouth burning (1.90 (1.19, 3.01) for ≥6 burns per month vs none). Amongst consumers, the composite score ranged from 1 to 12, and ESCC risk increased with higher scores, reaching an OR of 4.6 (2.1, 10.0) for scores of ≥9 vs 3.
conclusionsThermal exposure metrics were strongly associated with ESCC risk. Avoidance of very-hot food/beverage consumption may contribute to the prevention of ESCC in East Africa.
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