ArticleScience advances2022
Group size affects predation risk and foraging success in Pacific salmon at sea.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Which factors can influence budgerigars' feeding behavior under predation risk: individual and/or social factors?Current zoology · 2026Article
- Social influences complement environmental cues to stimulate migrating juvenile salmon.Movement ecology · 2026Article
- Cortical regulation of collective social dynamics during environmental challenge.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Anti-Predator Strategies in Fish with Contrasting Shoaling Preferences Across Different Contexts.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Decision-making in shoaling: zebrafish integrate cues of familiarity and group size.Animal cognition · 2025Article
- Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The impact of predators and vegetation on shoaling in wild zebrafish.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Chinook salmon is higher for southern than for northern resident killer whales in summer hot-spot feeding areas.PloS one · 2024Article
- Social buffering of oxidative stress and cortisol in an endemic cyprinid fish.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Grouping is ubiquitous across animal taxa and environments. Safety in numbers is perhaps the most cited reason for grouping, yet this fundamental tenet of ecological theory has rarely been tested in wild populations. We analyzed a multidecadal dataset of Pacific salmon at sea and found that individuals in larger groups had lower predation risk; within groups of fish, size outliers (relatively small and large fish) had increased predation risk. For some species, grouping decreased foraging success, whereas for other species, grouping increased foraging success, indicating that safety competition trade-offs differed among species. These results indicate that survival and growth depend on group size; understanding the relationship between group size distributions and population size may be critical to unraveling ecology and population dynamics for marine fishes.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.