ArticlePloS one2022
Menstrual changes following COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and Iraq.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-Reported Post-COVID-19 Condition and Associated Factors Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Menstrual vulnerability to acute systemic stress: evidence from 884 women after COVID-19 infection.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and female reproductive health: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical reproductive outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Robust Bayesian Model Averaging Meta-Analysis of Menstrual Disorders in COVID-19 Survivors: A Methodological Meta-Analysis Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Changes in female cancer diagnostic billing rates over the COVID-19 period in the Ontario Health Insurance Plan.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study on Post-COVID-19 Menstrual Abnormalities in Women of Reproductive Age Group at a Tertiary Care Hospital.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2025Article
- Menopause symptom prevalence in three post-COVID-19 syndrome clinics in England: A cross-sectional analysis.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 infections and vaccination on menstrual cycle symptoms in the south of Jordan: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- Changes in menstrual cycles among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2024Article
- Characterisation, symptom pattern and symptom clusters from a retrospective cohort of Long COVID patients in primary care in Catalonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Impact on Women's Menstrual Health within an 18-Month Follow-Up.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2024Article
- Saudi Women's Perception of the Effect of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Length.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Patterns of Reproductive-age Women: A Multi-centric Observational Study.Current drug research reviews · 2024Observational
- Menstrual changes after the thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants used during the COVID-19 infection.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2023Article
- Article
- The impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on menstruation.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Menstrual Cycle in Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and female reproductive health: A narrative review.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Neurological risks of COVID-19 in women: the complex immunology underpinning sex differences.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCOVID-19 infection is normally followed by several post-COVID effects. This study aimed to investigate to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles.
methodsDuring this cross-sectional survey-based study, a convenience sample of 483 women from Jordan and from Iraq, who had infected with COVID-19 were invited to fill-out the study questionnaire.
resultsThe study was conducted on the females, with a median age 31 years old. Results showed that 47.2% of them (n = 228) suffered from a change in the number of days between two consecutive periods, as well as from a change in the amount of blood loss. Also, more than 50% of them believed that COVID-19 infection may cause changes in the amount of blood loss during the cycle (n = 375, 56.9%), and changes in the number of days between the two consecutive periods (n = 362, 54.2%). Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational level (bachelor or higher) (Beta = -0.114, P = 0.011), and those living in Iraq (Beta = -0.166, P<0.001) believed that COVID-19 has lower tendency to cause menstrual changes. In addition, non-married females (Beta = 0.109, P = 0.017), and those who are current smokers (Beta = 0.091, P = 0.048) believed that COVID-19 has higher tendency to cause menstrual changes.
conclusionhis study revealed that COVID-19 infection could affect the menstrual cycle for the females. Further prospective studies should be done to confirm these findings and evaluate how long these menstrual irregularities lasted.
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