ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2023
Trajectories of housing affordability and mental health problems: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental health risks before the threshold: A longitudinal study of housing cost burden and depressive symptoms in South Korea.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Housing Affordability as a Social Determinant of Mental Health: Longitudinal Evidence from China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Dynamic Relationship Between Objective and Subjective Housing Affordability and Mental Health.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Housing affordability and health in people with disability: A scoping review.Epidemiologic reviews · 2026Article
- Gentrification and Fear of Displacement: a Quantitative Study of Older Black and White US Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Recent Advances on Social Determinants of Mental Health: Looking Fast Forward.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeWith housing costs increasing faster than incomes and a limited supply of social housing options, many households face unaffordable housing. Housing affordability problems may negatively impact mental health; however, longitudinal evidence is limited. This study investigates the association between trajectories of housing affordability problems and mental health.
methodsWe used data from 30,025 households from Understanding Society, a longitudinal household survey from the UK. Participants spending 30% or more of household income on housing were categorised as facing housing affordability problems. We estimated group-based trajectories of housing affordability problems from 9 waves of data (2009-2019). We used linear regression to calculate the association between the trajectories and mental health problems, as measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score in Wave 10 (2018-2020).
resultsWe found six distinct trajectories of housing affordability problems. Those in the 'stable low' group had a consistently low probability of affordability problems, whilst those in 'high falling' group had a sustained high probability in the earlier waves of the study, subsequently decreasing over time. The adjusted analysis showed that trajectory group membership over the first nine waves of data predicted GHQ score in 2018-2020 (Wave 10). Compared to the 'stable low' group, those in the 'high falling' group had a GHQ score that was 1.06 (95% CI 0.53-1.58) points higher.
conclusionThis study provides evidence that sustained exposure to housing affordability problems is associated with long-term worse mental health, even in the absence of more recent problems.
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