ArticleAIDS research and therapy2022
Determinants and reasons for switching anti-retroviral regimen among HIV-infected youth in a large township of South Africa (2002-2019).
Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Second-line antiretroviral therapy success rates and predictors among people living with HIV in Rwanda, 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Switching Among People with HIV in the United States is not Uncommon Despite Virologic Suppression: An OPERA Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral therapy switch among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Differences between different antiretroviral therapy regimens switching patterns among people living with HIV.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Real-World Persistence After Starting Bictegravir- or Dolutegravir-Based Regimens Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years with HIV in the United States.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Treatment Persistence and Switch Among Medicare-Insured People with HIV and Gaps in Care.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Incidence of antiretroviral therapy regimen modification and associated factors among People Living with HIV in Beijing, China.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Switch in HIV-Infected Adults from a Regional HIV/AIDS Center in NE Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance.Hepatoma research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are limited data exploring antiretroviral therapy (ART) changes and time to change among South Africa young people living with HIV/AIDS.
objectiveWe describe the time to first drug switch, which includes ART regimen change (three drug switch) and substitutions (single drug switch). We describe common reasons for ART switch among young people aged 10 to 24 years in South Africa.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at a primary health care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, providing ART to HIV-infected adolescents and adults since 2002. Those aged 10 to 24 years at ART initiation, who accessed care clinic between September 2002 and April 2019. Data was retrieved from electronic information systems: ART regimens, ART changes, dates for initiation or stop of each drug/regimen, laboratory results (viral loads, haemoglobin, liver enzyme results, and creatinine to support the reason for ART switch. From written records, we abstracted reason for single drug switch or regimen change, as well as socio demographic and clinical data. We fitted cox regression models to determine factors associated with ART switch (Having a change in one or more drugs in ART combination) and the rate of occurrence.
resultsOf 2601 adolescents included, 605 (24.9%) adolescents switched ART over 5090.5 person years at risk (PYAR), a rate of 11.9 /100PYAR. Median follow-up time was 4.4 (± 3.2) years. At multivariable analysis, the older age group was protective of the risk of ART switch: adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98, transfer status [transferred out 1.42 [1.11-1.82]. The hazard of ART switch increased with more severe HIV-disease at ART start, as observed by increasing WHO clinical stage or reduced CD4 count at baseline. The primary reasons for ART switch were side effects (20.0%), virological failure (17.9%) and formulation switch (27.8%). Others reasons included pregnancy, Hepatitis B, tuberculosis and psychosis.
conclusionART switches are frequent and occur at a consistent rate across 7.5 years from initiation. The main reasons for ART switch were virological failure and drug side effects.
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