ArticleBMC oral health2022
Increase in Bifidobacterium is a characteristic of the difference in the salivary microbiota of pregnant and non-pregnant women.
Article in BMC oral health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinct vaginal microbial signatures in pregnancies complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome: depletion ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Association of low progesterone levels and periodontal disease with threatened preterm labor.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dynamic Changes in the Crop Milk and Salivary Microbiota of Breeding Pigeons During the Raising Brooding Period.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota in Women with Eating Disorders: A New Frontier in Pathophysiology and Treatment.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes in the pregnancy microbiome and their role in preterm birth.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Association between Salivary Hormones, Dental Caries, and Cariogenic Microorganisms during Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Transmission and Persistence of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacteria.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Cervical and Vaginal Microbiomes in Early Miscarriages and Ongoing Pregnancy with and without Dydrogesterone Usage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cryptic Oral Microbiota: What Is Its Role as Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Periodontal Pathogens?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- [Developments in Research on the Relationship BetweenSichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe establishment of symbiotic microbiota in pregnant women is important for both the mother and her offspring. Little is known about the salivary symbiotic bacteria in pregnancy, and analysis of composition of microbiome (ANCOM) is useful to detect small differences in the number of bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the salivary bacteria between healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women using ANCOM.
methodsUnstimulated saliva samples were collected from 35 healthy pregnant women at 35 weeks gestation and 30 healthy non-pregnant women during menstruation. All participants underwent a periodontal examination. Estradiol and progesterone levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DNA extracted from the saliva was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR.
resultsSalivary estradiol and progesterone levels were significantly increased in pregnant women. The alpha and beta diversities were higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women. The largest effect size difference noted when the microbiota of the pregnant and non-pregnant women were analyzed was that for Bifidobacteriales. Levels of Bifidobacterium dentium, but not of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were significantly increased in pregnant women, and the levels were significantly correlated with progesterone concentration.
conclusionThe results suggest that Bifidobacterium and progesterone levels are elevated in the saliva of healthy pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.