ReviewNPJ vaccines2022
Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies.
Review in NPJ vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Advances and prospects of mucosal vaccination in the prevention and control of avian influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mucosal administration of lipid nanoparticles containing self-amplifying mRNA induces local uptake and expression in a pig model as a potential vaccination platform against STIs.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Protein nanocages: A new frontier in mucosal vaccine delivery and immune activation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Airway-applied mRNA vaccine needs tailored sequence design and high standard purification that removes devastating dsRNA contaminant.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Ectopic germinal centers in the nasal turbinates contribute to B cell immunity to intranasal viral infection and vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Muco-Penetrating Lipid Nanoparticles Having a Liquid Core for Enhanced Intranasal mRNA Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Group IIC self-splicing intron-derived novel circular RNA vaccine elicits superior immune response against RSV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Design of Mucosal Vaccines Against Swine Enteric Coronaviruses: From Antigen Delivery to Immune Activation.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Mucosal immunization with the lung Lactobacillus-derived amphiphilic exopolysaccharide adjuvanted recombinant vaccine improved protection against P. aeruginosa infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Mannose and Lactobionic Acid in Nasal Vaccination: Enhancing Antigen Delivery via C-Type Lectin Receptors.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Advancements and challenges in mRNA and ribonucleoprotein-based therapies: From delivery systems to clinical applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Exosome for mRNA delivery: strategies and therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Intranasal vaccination with an NDV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against Delta and Omicron challenges.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Probiotic-derived amphiphilic exopolysaccharide self-assembling adjuvant delivery platform for enhancing immune responses.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.