ArticleCell2022
Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines.
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Article in Cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 412 papers.
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412citing papers in PubMed
56.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
412 citing papers in PubMed, 581 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular immune responses 12 months after fractional or standard dose BNT162b2 booster vaccination in Mongolian adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Children 6 Months to 11 Years of Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Trial
- mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine induces CD4+ T-cell responses among solid organ transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal analysis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 recombinant vaccine S-268019-b in phase 1/2 prime-boost study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Development of a unified mass cytometry assay integrating activation-induced markers (AIMs) and cytokine profiling for high-throughput assessment of antigen-specific T cell responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- DNA-based vaccines: Advances, applications, and future prospects.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Immune parameters in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during SARS-CoV2 delta and omicron waves.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces Durable Antibody and T Cell Responses in the Respiratory Tract.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal vaccines for emerging viruses: promise and challenges.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Virus-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Protocol for deep phenotyping of human antigen-specific T cells across conventional and unconventional subsets by 22-color spectral flow cytometry.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Serotype skewing and immune imprinting shape response to the tetravalent dengue virus Qdenga vaccine.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Schistosomiasis vaccine SchistoShield® induces functional immune memory responses in US and African populations.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Discordant Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Household Contacts.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
352 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Zeli ZhangCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jose MateusCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Camila H CoelhoCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Jennifer M DanCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Carolyn Rydyznski ModerbacherCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Rosa Isela GálvezCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Fernanda H CortesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
Alba GrifoniCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Alison TarkeCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
James ChangCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
E Alexandar EscarregaCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Christina KimCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Benjamin GoodwinCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Nathaniel I BloomCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
April FrazierCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Daniela WeiskopfCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: daniela@lji.org.
Alessandro SetteCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: alex@lji.org.
Shane CrottyCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: shane@lji.org.
La Jolla Institute for Immunology · USFundação Oswaldo Cruz · BRUniversity of California, San Diego · US
Funding
Translational Science InitiativeP40OD012217 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI Armando Gil Burgos-Rodriguez, Marcos Lopez · 2012 to 2026
$40.4MT follicular helper (Tfh) CD4+ T cell, germinal center, and antibody response dysfunction in human recurrent tonsillitisU19AI142742 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Shane P Crotty · 2019 to 2026
$32.8MSARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection in a Latino-origin populationU01CA260541 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI BRIEN, JAMES D, LOPEZ, MARCOS · 2020 to 2024
$3.4MUC San Diego RAPID Faculty Development Program in Infectious DiseasesR25AI147376 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ADRIANA H TREMOULET, Joann Trejo · 2020 to 2026
$2.5MCD4 T cell, germinal center, and antibody response defects in recurrent tonsillitisR01AI135193 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI CROTTY, SHANE P · 2018 to 2022
$2.3MThe Immunology of Recurrent Group A Streptococcus TonsillitisK08AI135078 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAN, JENNIFER MARIE · 2018 to 2022
$972kNCI NIH HHS U01 CA260541NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI135078NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI135193NIAID NIH HHS R25 AI147376NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142742NIH HHS P40 OD012217
Abstract
Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immune memory. Here, SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific immune responses to Moderna mRNA-1273, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S, and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 were examined longitudinally for 6 months 100% of individuals made memory CD4
Indexed as
COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesAd26COVS1Antibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineHumansImmunity, HumoralImmunologic MemorySARS-CoV-2Ad26COVS1Antibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesNVX-CoV2373 adjuvated lipid nanoparticlecellular immunityCOVID-19 vaccinehumoral immunityimmune memorySARS-COV2
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.