ArticleMedical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre2022
Oxidative Stress, Testosterone, Cortisol, and Vitamin D: Differences in Professional Soccer Players of African and Caucasian Origin.
Article in Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hormonal Adaptations in Professional Soccer Players: Ethnic Differences and Pathophysiological Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of Different Types of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Physical Performance in Female Basketball Players-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Racial differences in male fertility parameters in 2,996 men examined for infertility in a single center.Arab journal of urology · 2025Article
- Interactions between Stress Levels and Hormonal Responses Related to Sports Performance in Pro Women's Basketball Team.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency in Professional Football Players during Competitive Season of Italian First Division (Serie A).Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Confronting the global obesity epidemic: investigating the role and underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in metabolic syndrome management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Review
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Abstract
backgroundUnder conditions of intense exercise, the production of free radicals and cortisol increases, whereas blood levels of testosterone and vitamin D decrease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the behavior of these parameters, ethnic differences, and their relationships with overtraining. MATERIALS AND
methodsFifty professional soccer players were studied. Oxidative stress, testosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D were collected in pre- and mid-competitive season, and their differences in Africans and Caucasians were evaluated.
resultsAn increase in oxidative stress was observed in mid-season in both groups, but this was more significant in Africans (386 ± 162.6 vs. 277.8 ± 106.9 UCarr, p = 0.005; 2,965.4 ± 815.8 vs. 2,560.6 ± 608.1 BAP, p = 0.035). Levels of testosterone and vitamin D were higher in August compared to February in all participants; in both months, testosterone levels were higher in Africans (11.5 ± 2.4 vs. 9.1 ± 2.6, p = 0.004; 10.3 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 2.3, p = 0.000), whereas vitamin D levels were higher in Caucasians (39.4 ± 11.1 vs. 33.4 ± 9.7, p = 0.048; 31.8 ± 9.7 vs. 27.4 ± 9.4, in August and February, respectively). Insufficient/deficient levels of vitamin D were more frequently observed in Africans, but the difference was close to significance only in August.
conclusionsAlthough lower levels of vitamin D and higher levels of cortisol and oxidative stress in mid-season in Africans could have a negative influence on performance, no symptoms of overtraining were observed, probably due to higher levels of testosterone which enable homeostatic balance.
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