ReviewEndocrine2022
Autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from etiopathogenesis to clinical management.
Review in Endocrine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine system after 2 years of COVID-19 vaccines: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Endocrine disorders following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a comprehensive systematic review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- Risk of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccination: meta-analysis of 11 million individuals.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Autoimmune manifestations recorded after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction associate with a pro-thrombotic profile in Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of Graves' disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Exploring cognitive impairments and the efficacy of phosphatidylcholine and computer-assisted cognitive training in post-acute COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Subacute Thyroiditis Due to COVID-19 Vaccine.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Hyperthyroidism incidence in a large population-based study in northeastern Italy.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Anti-GAD antibody-positive fulminant type 1 diabetes developed following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Diabetology international · 2023Article
- Thyroid disturbances after COVID-19 and the effect of vaccination in children: a prospective tri-center registry analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Frequency and Predictors of Relapses following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Interim Results from a Longitudinal Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Vaccine on the Induction of Myocarditis in Different Murine Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Graves' orbitopathy post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: report on six patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Post-COVID Endocrine Disorders: Putative Role of Molecular Mimicry and Some Pathomorphological Correlates.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of COVID-19 Severity in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients during the Delta and Omicron Wave of the Pandemic in a Romanian Tertiary Infectious Diseases Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pregnancy outcomes following natural conception and assisted reproduction treatment in women who received COVID-19 vaccination prior to conception: a population-based cohort study in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: A New Case Report and Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Post-COVID-19 Vaccination and Thyrotoxicosis (ASIA Syndrome): Single-Centre Experience from India with Review of Literature.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2019, several adenoviral-vectored, mRNA-based and inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed. A massive vaccination campaign has been undertaken around the world, and an increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases have been described in the literature. Subacute thyroiditis has been reported in 52 patients, mean age 45.5 ± 1.8 years, mainly in women (n = 39). Graves' disease is more frequent in women (n = 22) than in men (n = 10), mean age 46.2 ± 2.6 years, reported as new onset, recurrent or exacerbation of well-controlled hyperthyroidism. The mean time to symptoms onset is 9.0 ± 0.8 days in subacute thyroiditis, and 15.1 ± 2.6 days in Graves' patients. Rare patients (n = 6) present silent or painless autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroid function and autoimmune tests, inflammatory markers, thyroid echography with colour flow Doppler, radio-activity uptake on thyroid scan, medical treatment and follow-up are described and compared in patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of vaccine-induced thyroid diseases, molecular mimicry (various SARS-CoV-2 proteins sharing a genetic homology with a large heptapeptide human protein) or autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) are discussed in the context of predisposition or genetic susceptibility. The benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination far outweigh the potential vaccine-induced adverse effects, but clinicians should be aware of possible autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases, and can advise patients to seek medical assistance when experiencing anterior neck pain, fever or palpitations following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Further studies are warranted to investigate the etiopathogenesis and to clarify the factors which predispose patients to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.