ReviewClinical rheumatology2022
The impact of gender and sex on diagnosis, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding sex-related differences among Asian axial spondyloarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis : Sex differences and clinical outcomes in Asian axial spondyloarthritis.BMC rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Ivarmacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: subgroup analysis based on key baseline features from a phase II/III trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Trial
- Observational
- Sex differences in axial spondyloarthritis: biological mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic implications - a narrative review.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026Review
- Sex-based differences in bDMARD initiation and persistence in spondyloarthritis: a 17-year follow-up study from the REGISPON-3 registry.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Observational
- Achieving inactive disease state in men and women with axial spondyloarthritis: results from a multi-country prospective observational study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Observational
- A Real-World Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Upadacitinib, Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors or Interleukin-17 Inhibitors in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis After Switching from an Initial Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Ageism in Rheumatologic Care: Ensuring Equity and Quality for Older Adults.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Article
- Orthopaedic physicians' awareness, diagnostic challenges and referral barriers in axial spondyloarthritis: insights from a nationwide survey in Germany.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2025Article
- Perceived effects of health status on sexual activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a 5-year follow-up study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Ixekizumab Treatment Patterns and Health Care Resource Utilization Among Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Retrospective United States Claims Database Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence improves the diagnosis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-negative axial spondyloarthritis based on multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Disease activity and widespread pain are main contributors to patient-reported global health in axial spondyloarthritis: an analysis of 6064 patients.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Elevating the Standard of Care for Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: 'Calls to Action' from Rheumacensus, a Multistakeholder Pan-European Initiative.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Gendered dimension of chronic pain patients with low and middle income: A text mining analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Progressive improvement in time to diagnosis in axial spondyloarthritis through an integrated referral and education system.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2024Article
- Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Does gender influence outcome measures similarly in patients with spondyloarthritis? Results from the ASAS-perSpA study.RMD open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic condition, historically considered a predominantly male disease. However, increasing evidence suggests a more equal prevalence between men and women. Of the limited research conducted to date, it is apparent that gender differences exist in terms of time to diagnosis, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite this, women are underrepresented in clinical trials and most studies do not stratify by gender to identify potential differences in terms of disease manifestations and treatment response. In this perspectives article, we reflect on the potential biological and social factors contributing to these differences and propose three key areas of education and research that should be prioritised in order to address the unmet needs of female patients with axSpA, namely: (1) to identify ways to increase awareness of disease occurrence in female patients among healthcare professionals (HCPs), (2) to improve understanding of gender differences in disease manifestation and outcomes, and (3) to conduct gender-stratified clinical trials with a representative sample of female patients.
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