ArticlemBio2022
Glutamine Is Required for M1-like Polarization of Macrophages in Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
Article in mBio, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and emerging themes in amino acid deprivation based cancer therapy: a bibliometric and visualization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Glutamine Metabolism in Health and Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Reversing Macrophage Immunometabolic Dysfunction in Prolonged Infections Via a Glutaminolysis-Fueled Restoration-Based Hierarchically Selective Therapeutic System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting the cancer metabolism-immunity interface: update and perspectives.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Vespakinin-M delineates an AMPK/mTOR-arginine-TCA cycle axis to act as an immunometabolic switch in post-stroke microglia.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Single nucleotide variant in coenzyme Q6 reprograms macrophage metabolic remodeling in response to inflammatory signals.Research square · 2026Article
- Infection-induced glucose starvation triggers NINJ1-dependent macrophage lysis and Candida escape.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Glutamate-Glutamine Axis in Pediatric Septic Shock: Immunometabolic Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and macrophage polarization: mechanisms, interplay, and implications for medical applications.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis reinforces M2 polarization of macrophages by activating glutamine metabolism.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that host Glutamine Metabolism Inhibition Enhances Macrophage Phagocytosis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine in Malawian Adults With and Without Malaria: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Metabolic pattern changes of macrophages during cancer development and progression.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line as a metabolomic model for analyzing and understanding inflammation processes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting Kupffer Cell CD44-Mediated Ammonia Death via the ELAVL1-GLS Metabolic Circuit in Radiation-Induced Liver Disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during mycobacterial infection: a review of immunometabolic crosstalk and pathogen manipulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Peripheral metabolomic profiling reveals lipid and amino acid alterations associated with immuno-inflammatory responses in treatment-naïve late-onset Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Glycolytic reprogramming and immune responses in macrophages: a crosstalk driven by bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Cell-Type-Specific Fatty Acid Metabolic Dysregulation and Candidate Biomarkers in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, macrophages mount proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses similar to those observed in M1 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). A metabolic reprogramming to hypoxia-inducible-factor 1 (HIF-1)-mediated uptake of glucose and its metabolism by glycolysis is required for M1-like polarization, but little is known about other metabolic programs driving the M1-like polarization during infection. We report that glutamine serves as a carbon and nitrogen source for the metabolic reprogramming to M1-like macrophages. Widely targeted metabolite screening identified an association of glutamine and/or glutamate with highly affected metabolic pathways of M1-like macrophages. Moreover, stable isotope-assisted metabolomics of U
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.