ArticleBrain and behavior2022
Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to mental and physical illnesses in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measurement tools among children and adolescents in the Arab world: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Latent classes of adverse childhood experiences and their associations with impulsivity and mental health among adults in Saudi Arabia.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Nurses' competencies, barriers, and experience in trauma-informed care: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Dental Anxiety Among Children Living in an Orphanage Compared to Children Living with Both of Their Parents in Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Depression, anxiety, stress and adverse childhood experience among first-year university students.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Review
- Adverse childhood experiences and their influence on psychological well-being and emotional intelligence among university students.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Childhood Protective Factors (CPF) on physical and mental health of medical students of a public sector medical university.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Observational
- Adverse Childhood Experience as a Risk Factor for Developing Type 2 Diabetes among the Jazan Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to mental and physical illnesses in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are widely prevalent and interrelated. They affect multiple domains of health while having a dose-response effect. These effects are biologically plausible, where ACEs are found to be highly associated with physical and mental comorbidities.
objectivesThe study aimed to measure the magnitude of ACE and its relationship to mental and physical illnesses in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia by assessing its prevalence. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that took place in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia in 2020.
settingIt was applied to a population-based, random adult sample from both genders, different educational levels and socioeconomic statuses.
participantsThose who were 19 years old and above and living in the Eastern region were included. Everyone under the age of 19, those not currently living in the Eastern Region, and those who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded.
resultsThe total sample size was 611 respondents, but after applying the exclusion criteria, 507 respondents were included. Most participants were females (65.1%). The mean age of the participants was 29.7 years, with a standard deviation of 11.2 years. Regarding educational level, 69.6% were college/university graduates. Most study respondents (81.8%) were exposed to four or more types of ACEs, with emotional neglect being the most common type (82.2%). Having four or more ACEs increases the risk of having physical illnesses compared to those with only one. Furthermore, female respondents who had four or more ACEs had the highest likelihood of having depressed mood (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.07), stress (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.11-7.3), and insomnia (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07).
conclusionOur study showed that in the Eastern Region, ACEs are highly prevalent and are associated with an increased risk of mental and physical illness.
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