ArticleMolecular autism2022
Infants later diagnosed with autism have lower canonical babbling ratios in the first year of life.
Article in Molecular autism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07472829 (Research on Speech Development Trajectories and Predictive Models in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Research on Speech Development Trajectories and Predictive Models in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Connecting Preschoolers' Spontaneous Speech Patterns to Future Language Skills: A 3-Year Concurrent and Longitudinal Cohort Study of Canonical Proportion as a Developmental Index.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Receptive-Expressive Language Phenotypes in Infants and Toddlers With Autism Features.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Phonological Development in 3-6-Year-Old Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism, Developmental Delays, and Typical Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- A Pilot Investigation on the Relationship Between Infant Vocal Characteristics at 12 Months and Speech Motor Impairment at 4-5 Years.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Evaluating canonical babbling ratios extracted from day-long audio recordings in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Infant behavior & development · 2025Article
- Autistic Children And Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability: Individual And Family Profile.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Atypical Neural Responses to Native and Non-Native Language in Infants at High Likelihood for Developing Autism.Research square · 2024Article
- Canonical babbling trajectories across the first year of life in autism and typical development.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Vocal Characteristics of Children With Cerebral Palsy and Anarthria.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- The Stability and Validity of Automated Indices of Vocal Development in Infants With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- A Developmental Social Neuroscience Perspective on Infant Autism Interventions.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Prediction of autism in infants: progress and challenges.The Lancet. Neurology · 2023Review
- Emerging Verbal Functions in Early Infancy: Lessons from Observational and Computational Approaches on Typical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Advances in neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Diagnostic and Concurrent Validity of the DREAM-IT in Mandarin-Speaking Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder.International journal of language & communication disordersArticle
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCanonical babbling-producing syllables with a mature consonant, full vowel, and smooth transition-is an important developmental milestone that typically occurs in the first year of life. Some studies indicate delayed or reduced canonical babbling in infants at high familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or who later receive an ASD diagnosis, but evidence is mixed. More refined characterization of babbling in the first year of life in infants with high likelihood for ASD is needed.
methodsVocalizations produced at 6 and 12 months by infants (n = 267) taking part in a longitudinal study were coded for canonical and non-canonical syllables. Infants were categorized as low familial likelihood (LL), high familial likelihood diagnosed with ASD at 24 months (HL-ASD) or not diagnosed (HL-Neg). Language delay was assessed based on 24-month expressive and receptive language scores. Canonical babble ratio (CBR) was calculated by dividing the number of canonical syllables by the number of total syllables. Generalized linear (mixed) models were used to assess the relationship between group membership and CBR, controlling for site, sex, and maternal education. Logistic regression was used to assess whether canonical babbling ratios at 6 and 12 months predict 24-month diagnostic outcome.
resultsNo diagnostic group differences in CBR were detected at 6 months, but HL-ASD infants produced significantly lower CBR than both the HL-Neg and LL groups at 12 months. HL-Neg infants with language delay also showed reduced CBR at 12 months. Neither 6- nor 12-month CBR was significant predictors of 24-month diagnostic outcome (ASD versus no ASD) in logistic regression. LIMITATIONS: Small numbers of vocalizations produced by infants at 6 months may limit the reliability of CBR estimates. It is not known if results generalize to infants who are not at high familial likelihood, or infants from more diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds.
conclusionsLower canonical babbling ratios are apparent by the end of the first year of life in ASD regardless of later language delay, but are also observed for infants with later language delay without ASD. Canonical babbling may lack specificity as an early marker when used on its own.
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