ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2022
Development and evaluation of a patient education programme for children, adolescents, and young adults with differences of sex development (DSD) and their parents: study protocol of Empower-DSD.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of the Empower-DSD training program on the health-related quality of life in children, adolescents and young adults with differences of sex development and their parents.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Differences in sex development: Taking inventory of function and anatomy to empower self care.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2025Review
- Challenges in Care Provision for Children and Adolescents With Differences of Sex Development.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Satisfaction with health care among people with differences of sex development (DSD) in Germany.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Structured care after a DSD diagnosis in childhood: a mixed methods evaluation of the Empower-DSD program.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Reproductive and Developmental Endocrinology.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Satisfaction with a new patient education program for children, adolescents, and young adults with differences of sex development (DSD) and their parents.PEC innovation · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes in non-CAH 46,XX DSD.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Diagnosis of DSD in Children-Development of New Tools for a Structured Diagnostic and Information Management Program within the Empower-DSD Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in sexual development (DSD) are rare diseases, which affect the chromosomal, anatomical or gonadal sex differentiation. Although patient education is recommended as essential in a holistic care approach, standardised programmes are still lacking. The present protocol describes the aims, study design and methods of the Empower-DSD project, which developed an age-adapted multidisciplinary education programme to improve the diagnosis-specific knowledge, skills and empowerment of patients and their parents.
methodsThe new patient education programme was developed for children, adolescents and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome or XX-/or XY-DSD and their parents. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods include standardised questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation. The main outcomes (assessed three and six months after the end of the programme) are health-related quality of life, disease burden, coping, and diagnosis-specific knowledge. The qualitative evaluation examines individual expectations and perceptions of the programme. The results of the quantitative and qualitative evaluation will be triangulated. DISCUSSION: The study Empower-DSD was designed to reduce knowledge gaps regarding the feasibility, acceptance and effects of standardised patient education programmes for children and youth with DSD and their parents. A modular structured patient education programme with four generic and three diagnosis-specific modules based on the ModuS concept previously established for other chronic diseases was developed. The topics, learning objectives and recommended teaching methods are summarised in the structured curricula, one for each diagnosis and age group. At five study centres, 56 trainers were qualified for the implementation of the training programmes. A total of 336 subjects have been already enrolled in the study. The recruitment will go on until August 2022, the last follow-up survey is scheduled for February 2023. The results will help improve multidisciplinary and integrated care for children and youth with DSD and their families.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023096 . Registered 8 October 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.