ArticleBMJ open2022
Cost of primary care approaches for hypertension management and risk-based cardiovascular disease prevention in Bangladesh: a HEARTS costing tool application.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integration of Cardiovascular Disease Services within Primary Health Care Systems: Insights from South Asia.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Influential Factors of the Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms and Hypertension Among Rural Adults in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Machine learning approaches to identify influential factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension among rural adults in Bangladesh.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Machine learning and deep learning-based prediction of hypertension and analysis of its major risk factors in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- Economic Evaluation of the HEARTS Standardized Hypertension Treatment Program With Fixed-Dose Combination Pills in Chile Primary Care Clinics.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025Article
- Analysis of costs in implementing the HEARTS hypertension program in Nigerian primary care.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Costs of the HEARTS hypertension program in primary care in Lampang province, Thailand.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Cost analysis of adding hypertension and diabetes management into routine HIV care in Mbarara and Ibanda districts, Uganda.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Delivering non-communicable disease services through primary health care in selected south Asian countries: are health systems prepared?The Lancet. Global health · 2024Review
- Human and financial resource needs for universal access to WHO-PEN interventions for diabetes and hypertension care in Eswatini: results from a time-and-motion and bottom-up costing study.Human resources for health · 2024Article
- Hypertension care cascades and reducing inequities in cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Cost analysis of the WHO-HEARTS program for hypertension control and CVD prevention in primary health facilities in Ethiopia.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Financial implications of protocol-based hypertension treatment: an insight into medication costs in public and private health sectors in India.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- The HEARTS partner forum-supporting implementation of HEARTS to treat and control hypertension.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Building the health-economic case for scaling up the WHO-HEARTS hypertension control package in low- and middle-income countries.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the costs of scaling up the HEARTS pilot project for hypertension management and risk-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention at the full population level in the four subdistricts (upazilas) in Bangladesh. SETTINGS: Two intervention scenarios in subdistrict health complexes: hypertension management only, and risk-based integrated hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol management.
designData obtained during July-August 2020 from subdistrict health complexes on the cost of medications, diagnostic materials, staff salaries and other programme components.
methodsProgramme costs were assessed using the HEARTS costing tool, an Excel-based instrument to collect, track and evaluate the incremental annual costs of implementing the HEARTS programme from the health system perspective. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Programme cost, provider time.
resultsThe total annual cost for the hypertension control programme was estimated at US$3.2 million, equivalent to US$2.8 per capita or US$8.9 per eligible patient. The largest cost share (US$1.35 million; 43%) was attributed to the cost of medications, followed by the cost of provider time to administer treatment (38%). The total annual cost of the risk-based integrated management programme was projected at US$14.4 million, entailing US$12.9 per capita or US$40.2 per eligible patient. The estimated annual costs per patient treated with medications for hypertension, diabetes and cholesterol were US$18, US$29 and US$37, respectively.
conclusionExpanding the HEARTS hypertension management and CVD prevention programme to provide services to the entire eligible population in the catchment area may face constraints in physician capacity. A task-sharing model involving shifting of select tasks from doctors to nurses and local community health workers would be essential for the eventual scale-up of primary care services to prevent CVD in Bangladesh.
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