ArticleNursing research
Relationship Between Environmental Air Quality and Congenital Heart Defects.
Article in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Effects of Green Space Typologies on Congenital Anomalies: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2008-2013).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCongenital heart defects (CHDs) affect 40,000 U.S. infants annually. One fourth of these infants have a critical CHD, requiring intervention within the first year of life for survival. Over 80% of CHDs have an unknown etiology. Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may be air pollutants associated with CHD.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore relationships between first-trimester maternal exposure to air pollutants PM2.5 and O3 and a critical CHD diagnosis.
methodsA retrospective cohort study with nested case controls was conducted using data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, and consisted of 199 infants with a diagnosed critical CHD and 550 controls. Air pollution data were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air monitors. Geographic information system software was used to geocode monitoring stations and infant residential locations. Data analysis included frequencies, chi-square, independent t-test analysis, and binary logistic regression for two time periods: the entire first trimester (Weeks 1-12) and the critical exposure window (Weeks 3-8 gestation).
resultsCritical CHD odds were not significantly increased by exposure during the first trimester. However, weekly analyses revealed CHD odds were higher in Weeks 5 and 8 as PM2.5 increased and decreased in Week 11 with increased O3 exposure. DISCUSSION: Our study shows no evidence to support the overall association between air pollutants PM2.5 and O3 and a critical CHD diagnosis. However, analyses by week suggested vulnerability in certain weeks of gestation and warrant additional surveillance and study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.