ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2022
Skin cancer risk factors among Black South Africans-The Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995-2016.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Political determinants of melanoma: Global inequities in skin cancer care.JAAD international · 2026Article
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical and Histopathological Review of a South African Tertiary Dermatology Unit.Journal of skin cancer · 2025Article
- An Improved Skin Lesion Classification Using a Hybrid Approach with Active Contour Snake Model and Lightweight Attention-Guided Capsule Networks.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Issues in the surgical management of skin squamous cell cancers in albinos-experience of two surgical oncology units in Burkina Faso.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- The clinicopathological and microrna expression signature associated with lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma: A basic descriptive study.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Skin cancer risk factors among Black South Africans-The Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995-2016.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Black population has lower skin cancer incidence compared to White, Indian/Asian, and Mixed-race populations in South Africa; however, skin cancer still exists in the Black population. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with skin cancer among Black South Africans. MATERIALS AND
methodsA case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and/or melanoma skin cancers (MSCs) and controls were cardiovascular patients. Sociodemographic exposures, environmental health variables, smoking, and HIV status were assessed. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with KCs and MSCs.
resultsThe KCs histological subtypes showed that there were more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (78/160 in females, and 72/160 in males) than basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The SCC lesions were mostly found on the skin of the head and neck in males (51%, 38/72) and on the trunk in females (46%, 36/78). MSC was shown to affect the skin of the lower limbs in both males (68%, 27/40) and females (59%, 36/61). Using females as a reference group, when age, current place of residency, type of cooking fuel used, smoking, and HIV status were adjusted for, males had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for developing KCs (confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-3.84, p = .028). Similarly, when age, current place of residency, and place of cooking (indoors or outdoors) were adjusted for, males had an OR of 2.26 for developing MSC (CI: 1.19-4.29, p = .012).
conclusionsDifferences in the anatomical distribution of KCs by sex suggest different risk factors between sexes. There is a positive association between being male, smoking, rural dwelling, and a positive HIV status with KCs and being male and rural dwelling with MSC. The rural dwelling was a newly found association with skin cancer and warrants further investigation.
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