ArticleIJID regions2021
Trends in antimicrobial consumption in Bhutan.
Article in IJID regions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial use has been recognized as one of the main drivers of antimicrobial resistanceand it is, therefore, crucial to monitor the consumption and use of antimicrobials. This study was conducted to determine the consumption of antimicrobials in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs) at both national and dzongkhag levels in Bhutan, and to investigate trends from 2017 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial consumption in healthcare facilities in Bhutan from 2017 to 2019 was undertaken using the national records of annual distribution of medicines. World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System/DDD methodology was used for data collection and analysis. Results: In 2019, the consumption of antimicrobials (ATC subgroup J01) for systemic use in healthcare facilities in Bhutan was 16.29 DIDs, compared with 14.39 DIDs in 2018 and 13.27 DIDs in 2017. The most commonly used subgroup of antimicrobials was the penicillin group of beta-lactams (J01C). Conclusion: Antimicrobial consumption in Bhutan was found to be lower than the European Union and European Economic Area average, and lower compared with most Eastern European countries and some countries in the Western Pacific region. However, overall consumption in Bhutan increased steadily over the 3-year study period. This should be monitored carefully, and appropriate interventions to optimize antimicrobial use should be put in place in the near future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.