ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
The Past, Present, and Future of Non-Viral CAR T Cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Donor-derived CARCIK-CD19 cells engineered with Sleeping Beauty transposon in acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsed after allogeneic transplantation.Blood cancer journal · 2025Trial
- T cell receptors equipped with ICOS provide T cells with durable anti-tumor response.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- A review of genetic modification for ex vivo cellular therapies.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Charitable funding of congenital heart surgery in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis from the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Bridging preclinical development and clinical manufacturing: a translational GMP-Platform for lentiviral vector production in academic CAR T-Cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Advancements in delivery systems for in vivo chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in urological diseases.Current urology · 2026Review
- To modify or not to modify: Rethinking mRNA design for CAR T cell engineering.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- A single-cell multi-omics assay for simultaneous measurement of vector copy number and protein expression in CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Microfluidics for Blood Disorders and Hematological Disease Monitoring and Modeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Vector-free DNA transfection by nuclear envelope mechanoporation.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- Non-viral targeted integration of large DNA in primary human T cells independent of double-stranded DNA breaks.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Cationic mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Ex Vivo NanoCAR-T Cell Engineering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Are we there yet? The road to faster and more efficient CAR T cell manufacturing.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Next generation approaches in cancer immunotherapy targeting mechanisms beyond PD1 and PDL1.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Unleashing CAR-T potential in solid tumors: overcoming intrinsic and extrinsic hurdles to improve therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Secondary Malignancies of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: A Multidimensional Analysis of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Strategies.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T lymphocytes is a powerful technology that has revolutionized the way we conceive immunotherapy. The impressive clinical results of complete and prolonged response in refractory and relapsed diseases have shifted the landscape of treatment for hematological malignancies, particularly those of lymphoid origin, and opens up new possibilities for the treatment of solid neoplasms. However, the widening use of cell therapy is hampered by the accessibility to viral vectors that are commonly used for T cell transfection. In the era of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated) precise genome editing, novel and virus-free methods for T cell engineering are emerging as a more versatile, flexible, and sustainable alternative for next-generation CAR T cell manufacturing. Here, we discuss how the use of non-viral vectors can address some of the limitations of the viral methods of gene transfer and allow us to deliver genetic information in a stable, effective and straightforward manner. In particular, we address the main transposon systems such as Sleeping Beauty (SB) and piggyBac (PB), the utilization of mRNA, and innovative approaches of nanotechnology like Lipid-based and Polymer-based DNA nanocarriers and nanovectors. We also describe the most relevant preclinical data that have recently led to the use of non-viral gene therapy in emerging clinical trials, and the related safety and efficacy aspects. We will also provide practical considerations for future trials to enable successful and safe cell therapy with non-viral methods for CAR T cell generation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.