ReviewJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2022
A narrative review of tuberculosis in the United States among persons aged 65 years and older.
Review in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delays in tuberculosis care among the top-ten-tuberculosis-high burden countries in the world: a scoping review.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Review
- Results of the Elderly Tuberculosis Screening Project 2023-2024 in the Republic of Korea.Public health weekly report · 2026Article
- Trends in tuberculosis-related mortality among adults 35-85 years old in the United States, 1999 to 2022: a nationwide analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying Gaps in Tuberculosis Preventive Care for Non-U.S.-born Persons at Community Health Clinics in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis Incidence and Outcomes Among Older New Yorkers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Trends in Drug Resistance and Epidemiological Patterns of Tuberculosis in Elderly Patients in Wenzhou, China (2014-2023).Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The American Association of Tissue Banks tissue donor screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Recommended criteria and literature review.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2024Review
- High all-cause mortality and increasing proportion of older adults with tuberculosis in Texas, 2008-2020.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Tuberculosis Incidence, Arkansas, USA, 2010-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Treatment Outcomes and Associated Influencing Factors Among Patients with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study in China.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Scrofuloderma and granuloma annulare-like lesions: Challenges of diagnosing cutaneous tuberculosis in developed countries.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of aging on immunity in the context of COVID-19, HIV, and tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tuberculosis Disease Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: Alameda County, California, 2016-2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Time to Death and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients in South West Ethiopia: Application of Shared Frailty Model.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable infectious disease that confers significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial challenges. As TB incidence in the United States (U.S.) decreased from 9.7/100,000 to 2.2/100,000 from 1993 to 2020, the proportion of cases occurring among adults aged 65 and older increased. We conducted a review of published literature in the U.S. and other similar low-TB-burden settings to characterize the epidemiology and unique diagnostic challenges of TB in older adults. This narrative review also provides an overview of treatment characteristics, outcomes, and research gaps in this patient population. Older adults had a 30% higher likelihood of delayed TB diagnosis, with contributing factors such as acid-fast bacilli sputum smear-negative disease (56%) and non-classical clinical presentation. At least 90% of TB cases among older adults resulted from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), but guidance around when to screen and treat LTBI in these patients is lacking. In addition, routine TB testing methods such as interferon-gamma release assays were two times more likely to have false-negative results among older adults. Advanced age was also often accompanied by complex comorbidities and impaired drug metabolism, increasing the risk of treatment failure (23%) and death (19%). A greater understanding of the unique factors of TB among older adults will inform clinical and public health efforts to improve outcomes in this complex patient population and TB control in the U.S.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.