ReviewImmuno-oncology technology2019
Tumour mutational burden: primary versus metastatic tissue creates systematic bias.
Review in Immuno-oncology technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prostate cancer metastasis and health disparities: a systematic review.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Pan-cancer population pharmacokinetics and exposure-safety and -efficacy analyses of atezolizumab in patients with high tumor mutational burden.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Trial
- Genomic characterization of ER-positive primary tumors and corresponding relapses identifies potentially targetable alterations.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Tumor mutational burden as a determinant of metastatic dissemination patterns.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- AlphaMissense pathogenicity scores predict response to immunotherapy and enhances the predictive capability of tumor mutation burden.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus profiling reveals heterogenous expression in cutaneous melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Resistance mutations and the blood-brain barrier: Key challenges in targeted treatment of brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Microsatellite instability (MSI) and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) as biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Temporal evolution and inter-patient heterogeneity in primary and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.BJC reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of markers of immunity in different metastatic immune microenvironments suggests more suppression within breast to liver metastases in breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Strength of selection in lung tumors correlates with clinical features better than tumor mutation burden.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Joint analysis of mutational and transcriptional landscapes in human cancer reveals key perturbations during cancer evolution.Genome biology · 2024Article
- A comprehensive analysis of clinical and polygenic germline influences on somatic mutational burden.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- Challenges and Future Directions in the Management of Tumor Mutational Burden-High (TMB-H) Advanced Solid Malignancies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy across solid cancers and the utility of PD-L1 as a biomarker of response: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Bias and inconsistency in the estimation of tumour mutation burden.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Paired primary and metastatic lesions of patients with ipilimumab-treated melanoma: high variation in lymphocyte infiltration and HLA-ABC expression whereas tumor mutational load is similar and correlates with clinical outcome.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumour mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a reproducible biomarker to predict immunotherapy response across multiple cancer types. However, a key aspect of TMB measurement that is often overlooked is the source of tissue sample used, which creates a potential for systematic bias. The predominant source is either primary or metastatic tumour tissue. Primary tumours are more heterogeneous and reflect a longer period of tumour evolution, whereas metastases tend to have a more monoclonal structure and potentially different TMB scores. Studies to date measuring TMB have used a heterogeneous set of primary and metastatic tissues, which may explain some of the variability in predictive TMB values across studies. This paper presents data to show that there is a systematic difference whereby metastatic TMB is biased towards higher values than primary TMB (36% higher, paired Wilcoxon,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.