ArticleComputing in cardiology2021
Real-Time Interactive Simulations of Complex Ionic Cardiac Cell Models in 2D and 3D Heart Structures with GPUs on Personal Computers.
Article in Computing in cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward cardiac electrophysiology digital twins with an efficient open source scalable solver on GPU clusters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CardioFit: a WebGL-based tool for fast and efficient parametrization of cardiac action potential models to fit user-provided data.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Fast interactive simulations of cardiac electrical activity in anatomically accurate heart structures by compressing sparse uniform cartesian grids.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2024Article
- VisualPDE: Rapid Interactive Simulations of Partial Differential Equations.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- A computational modeling framework for pre-clinical evaluation of cardiac mapping systems.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac modeling in heart structures for the study of arrhythmia mechanisms requires the use of software that runs on supercomputers. Therefore, computational studies are limited to groups with access to computer clusters and personnel with high-performance computing experience. We present how to use and implement WebGL programs via a custom-written library to run and visualize simulations of the most complex ionic models in 2D and 3D, in real time, interactively using the multi-core GPU of a single computer. Methods: We use Abubu.js, a library we developed for solving partial differential equations such as those describing crystal growth and fluid flow, along with a newly implemented visualization algorithm, to simulate complex ionic cell models. By combining this library with JavaScript, we allow direct real-time interactions with simulations. We implemented: 1) modification of any model parameters and equations at any time, with direct access to the code while it runs, 2) electrode stimulation anywhere in the 2D/3D tissue with a mouse click, 3) saving the solution of the system at any time to re-initiate the dynamics from saved initial conditions, and 4) rotation/visualization of 3D structures at any angle. Results: As examples of this modeling platform, we implemented a phenomenological cell model and the human ventricular OVVR model (41 variables). In 2D we illustrate the dynamics in an annulus, disk, and square tissue; in 2D and 3D porcine ventricles, we show the initiation of functional/anatomical reentry, spiral wave dynamics in different regimes, initiation of early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and the effects of model parameter variations in real time. Conclusions: We present the first simulations of complex models in anatomical structures with enhanced visualization and extended interactivity that run on a single PC, without software downloads, and as fast as in real-time even for 3D full ventricles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.