ReviewPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2022
Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect.
Review in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-life animal and farming exposures and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the E3N French cohort study.RMD open · 2025Trial
- Maternal Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Exposure and House Dust Mite Challenge Alter Serum IgG N-Glycosylation in Offspring Mice.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of asthma: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Tree pollen allergen sensitization: Prevalence, risk factors, and geographic variation in the United States.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- The forgotten billion: bridging the global allergy care chasm through scalable, equity-driven strategies.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in India: epidemiology, diagnostic inequities, treatment gaps, and public mental health implications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Early-life microbiota exposure and prevention of childhood asthma: immunological mechanisms and intervention perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases by tuning immune response: insight from host-microbial crosstalk.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- From urban to alpine: environmental microbial transfer in urban adults - the ALM Study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Review
- Associations between diet diversity during infancy and atopic disease in later life: Systematic review.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Radiation-Detoxified Form of Endotoxin Effectively Activates ThInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Predicting microbe-disease association based on graph autoencoder and inductive matrix completion with multi-similarities fusion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Epithelial Barrier Theory: The Role of Exposome, Microbiome, and Barrier Function in Allergic Diseases.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- Childhood asthma phenotypes and endotypes: a glance into the mosaic.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2023Review
- The epithelial barrier theory: Development and exacerbation of allergic and other chronic inflammatory diseases.Asia Pacific allergy · 2023Review
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Review
- From maternal breath to infant's cells: Impact of maternal respiratory infections on infants 'immune responses.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Asthma and allergies are major health problems and exert an enormous socioeconomic burden. Besides genetic predisposition, environmental factors play a crucial role in the development of these diseases in childhood. Multiple worldwide epidemiological studies have shown that children growing up on farms are immune to allergic diseases and asthma. Farm-related exposures shape children's immune homeostasis, via mediators such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid or arabinogalactan, or by diverse environmental microbes. Moreover, nutritional factors, such as breastfeeding or farm milk and food diversity, inducing short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria in the intestine, contribute to farm-related effects. All farm-related exposures induce an anti-inflammatory response of the innate immunity and increase the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T helper cell type 1. A better understanding of the components of the farm environment, that are protective to the development of allergy and asthma, and their underlying mechanisms, will help to develop new strategies for the prevention of allergy and asthma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.