ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2022
Toll-like receptor-mediated neuroinflammation: relevance for cognitive dysfunctions.
Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long non-coding RNAs in glial cells: key drivers of neuroinflammation in cognitive disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Triangulating the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Pterostilbene in Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced Cognitive Impairment: Insights from In Silico, Proteomics, and Experimental Validation.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- Palmitic Acid Amplifies Microglial Inflammatory Activation Involving C5aR1-Sensitive Inflammatory Signaling and JMJD3/H3K27me3-Related Epigenetic Changes.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuroinflammation: From acute hemorrhagic stroke to chronic neurodegeneration.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Role of miRNAs from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation and behavioral impairments induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- PLGA Nanoparticle-based Anti-TLR2 scFv Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Microglial Plasticity in Vascular Dementia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Linking Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Amyloid Pathology-A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and secretome as modulators of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Decreased DTI-APLS correlated with cognitive impairment in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of Immune Mediators and Synaptic Plasticity in Central Nervous System Disorders.Cells · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-29a-5p contributes to neuroinflammation through TLR7.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and inflammation: from fundamental biology to clinic insights.Immunity & inflammation · 2026Review
- Bisphenol A exposure in myasthenia gravis: Potential targets and mechanisms revealed by network toxicology and molecular dynamics.PloS one · 2026Article
- Linking inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration: a comprehensive review of TLR2 pathways in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- AI-driven insights into protein misfolding and innate immunity in neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dietary dihydroquercetin alleviates age-related cognitive impairment in association with modulation of apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Organosulfur Compounds: Potential Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2026Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a well-documented role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, TLR activation has also been linked to several brain functions including neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Increasing evidence supports TLR involvement in peripheral and central inflammation underlying normal aging and the pathogenesis of clinical conditions characterized by cognitive decline. These include not only major neurodegenerative diseases but also traumatic brain injuries, surgeries, and alcohol consumption- and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. We first summarize the physiological roles of TLRs in the nervous system, and then illustrate the emerging involvement of TLRs in cognitive functions, pointing to these receptors as novel enticing pharmacological targets to develop more efficient drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.