ArticleBMC medical research methodology2022
Making implementation science more real.
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Implementing frailty interventions in hospitals: A systematic review of strategies and outcomes.Australasian journal on ageing · 2025Pooled it
- American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- "Shifting the Culture and the Way That We Practice": Perinatal Clinicians' Cognitive, Behavioral, and Team-Level Changes Following Equity-Focused Interventions.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Exploring change mechanisms of implementation strategies for providing guideline-adherent care by interprofessional teams in inpatient settings: a realist synthesis.Implementation science : IS · 2026Article
- Balancing standardisation and flexibility in National complex intervention scale-up: a qualitative study of leadership experiences and management in the implementation of Proactive Health Support in Denmark.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
- Pilot Implementation of a Post-Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Education and Follow-Up Package for Health Care Providers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- From theory to practice: A mixed-method evaluation of a program to implement high-intensity rehabilitation in skilled nursing facilities.Physical therapy · 2026Article
- A Framework and Method for Measuring the Implementation of Data Science in Critical Care.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Article
- Digital healthcare services in the context of age-friendly community initiatives in China: a realist evaluation.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Tackling healthcare providers bias: a systematic review of interventions with implications for inclusive clinical research.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Context and generalizability in health policy and systems research: a plea for an integrative praxis of theorizing.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Integrated palliative care and oncology: a realist synthesis.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- The potential of programme theory in bridging the evidence into practice gap in implementation science: a worked example of integrating palliative care into heart failure management.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Applying Realist Retroduction to EHR-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool Development.International journal of qualitative methods · 2025Article
- Learnings from Implementation Strategies to Improve Lipid Management.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Impact of Allied Health - Translating Research into Practice (AH-TRIP) Program on the Knowledge Translation Capacity of the Allied Health Workforce.International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
- Re-conceptualizing implementation outcomes of health innovations as modes or attributes: an integrated framework.Frontiers in health services · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Implementation science in healthcare aims to understand how to get evidence into practice. Once this is achieved in one setting, it becomes increasingly difficult to replicate elsewhere. The problem is often attributed to differences in context that influence how and whether implementation strategies work. We argue that realist research paradigms provide a useful framework to express the effect of contextual factors within implementation strategy causal processes. Realist studies are theory-driven evaluations that focus on understanding how and why interventions work under different circumstances. They consider the interaction between contextual circumstances, theoretical mechanisms of change and the outcomes they produce, to arrive at explanations of conditional causality (i.e., what tends to work, for whom, under what circumstances). This Commentary provides example applications using preliminary findings from a large realist implementation study of system-wide value-based healthcare initiatives in New South Wales, Australia. If applied judiciously, realist implementation studies may represent a sound approach to help optimise delivery of the right care in the right setting and at the right time.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.