Observational studyJournal of affective disorders2022
Sleep and affective disorders in relation to Parkinson's disease risk among older women from the Women's Health Initiative.
Observational study in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Protection Against Parkinson's Disease by Ergothioneine-Nature's Multifactorial Neuroprotectant.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Insomnia, sleep duration and incident Parkinson's disease in the Finnish population cohort.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Psychiatric disorders among older U.S. women by socioeconomic and veteran status.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Adverse experiences in childhood and young adulthood, genetic susceptibility, and neurodegenerative disease incidence: a lifespan analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of worrier trait with the risk of Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study based on 457,180 UK Biobank participants.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Gray matter volume alterations in de novo Parkinson's disease: A mediational role in the interplay between sleep quality and anxiety.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Different risks of early-onset and late-onset Parkinson disease in individuals with mental illness.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate sleep and affective (mood/anxiety) disorders as clinical predictors of incident Parkinson's disease (PD) among women ≥65 years of age.
methodsWe performed secondary analyses with available data from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study linked to Medicare claims. Sleep, mood and anxiety disorders at baseline were defined using diagnostic codes. Incident PD was defined using self-reported PD, first PD diagnosis, use of PD medications, and/or deaths attributed to PD. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), controlling for socio-demographic/lifestyle/health characteristics. Time-to-event was calculated from baseline (1993-1998) to year of PD event, loss to follow-up, death, or December 31, 2018, whichever came first.
resultsA total of 53,996 study-eligible WHI participants yielded 1756 (3.25 %) PD cases over ~14.39 (±6.18) years of follow-up. The relative risk for PD doubled among women with affective disorders (HR = 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.84, 2.27), mood disorders (HR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.97, 2.42) and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.75, 2.22). Sleep disorders alone (without affective) were not significantly associated with PD risk (HR = 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.69, 1.04), whereas affective disorders alone (without sleep) (HR = 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.72, 2.17) or in combination with sleep disorders (HR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.85, 2.56) were associated with twice the PD risk relative to no sleep/affective disorders. LIMITATIONS: Observational design; Selection bias; Information bias; Generalizability.
conclusionsAmong older women, joint sleep/affective disorders and affective disorders alone are strong clinical predictors of incident PD over 14 years.
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