Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35750069›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Microbe2022

Estimating typhoid incidence from community-based serosurveys: a multicohort study.

Kristen Aiemjoy, Jessica C Seidman, Senjuti Saha, Sira Jam Munira, Mohammad Saiful Islam Sajib, Syed Muktadir Al Sium, Anik Sarkar, Nusrat Alam, Farha Nusrat Zahan, Md Shakiul Kabir and 37 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Microbe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Estimating enteric fever seroincidence in Bangladesh using rapid serosurveys.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
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  16. Review
  17. Observational
  18. Estimating the Seroincidence of Scrub Typhus using Antibody Dynamics after Infection.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

47 authors at 16 institutions in 10 countries.

Kristen AiemjoyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. Electronic address: kaiemjoy@ucdavis.edu.
Jessica C SeidmanSabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Senjuti SahaChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sira Jam MuniraChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Saiful Islam SajibChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Syed Muktadir Al SiumChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anik SarkarChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Nusrat AlamChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Farha Nusrat ZahanChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Shakiul KabirChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Dipesh TamrakarDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Krista VaidyaDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Rajeev ShresthaDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Jivan ShakyaDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Nishan KatuwalDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Sony ShresthaDhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Mohammad Tahir YousafzaiDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Junaid IqbalDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Irum Fatima DehrajDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Yasmin LadakDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Noshi MariaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mehreen AdnanDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Sadaf PervaizDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Alice S CarterSabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Ashley T LongleyGlobal Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Clare FraserDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Edward T RyanDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Ariana NodoushaniDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Alessio FasanoCenter for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Maureen M LeonardCenter for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Victoria KenyonCenter for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
Isaac I BogochDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hyon Jin JeonInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Andrea HaselbeckInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
Se Eun ParkInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
Raphaël M ZellwegerInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
Florian MarksInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ellis Owusu-DaboSchool of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Yaw Adu-SarkodieSchool of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Michael OwusuSchool of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Peter TeunisCenter for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Stephen P LubyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Denise O GarrettSabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Farah Naz QamarDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Samir K SahaChild Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Richelle C CharlesDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jason R AndrewsDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Aga Khan University · PKChild Health Research Foundation · BDMassachusetts General Hospital · USInternational Vaccine Institute · KRKathmandu University · NPKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology · GHSabin Vaccine Institute · USStanford University · USDhulikhel Hospital · NPBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research · BDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USEmory University · USHarvard University · USHeidelberg University · DEMaineGeneral Medical Center · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

Detection of asymptomatic Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and Paratyphi A carriage by serum antibodies targeting YncER01AI134814 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHARLES, RICHELLE C · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134814
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence of enteric fever, an invasive bacterial infection caused by typhoidal Salmonellae (Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), is largely unknown in regions without blood culture surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether new diagnostic serological markers for typhoidal Salmonella can reliably estimate population-level incidence.

methodsWe collected longitudinal blood samples from patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever enrolled from surveillance studies in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Ghana between 2016 and 2021 and conducted cross-sectional serosurveys in the catchment areas of each surveillance site. We used ELISAs to measure quantitative IgA and IgG antibody responses to hemolysin E and S Typhi lipopolysaccharide. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to fit two-phase power-function decay models to the longitudinal antibody responses among enteric fever cases and used the joint distributions of the peak antibody titres and decay rate to estimate population-level incidence rates from cross-sectional serosurveys.

findingsThe longitudinal antibody kinetics for all antigen-isotypes were similar across countries and did not vary by clinical severity. The seroincidence of typhoidal Salmonella infection among children younger than 5 years ranged between 58·5 per 100 person-years (95% CI 42·1-81·4) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to 6·6 per 100 person-years (4·3-9·9) in Kavrepalanchok, Nepal, and followed the same rank order as clinical incidence estimates.

interpretationThe approach described here has the potential to expand the geographical scope of typhoidal Salmonella surveillance and generate incidence estimates that are comparable across geographical regions and time.

fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATIONS: For the Nepali, Bengali and Urdu translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Indexed as

Typhoid FeverBangladeshBayes TheoremChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIncidenceSalmonella

Identifiers

PMID35750069
PMCPMC9329131
OpenAlexW4283259968

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.