Trial reportJournal of clinical psychopharmacology
Abuse Potential of Lemborexant, a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist, Compared With Zolpidem and Suvorexant in Recreational Sedative Users.
Trial report in Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Abuse Potential of Single Oral Doses of Sunobinop, a Novel, Highly Potent, and Selective Partial Agonist for Nociceptin/Orphanin-FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptors.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Acute Cognitive Effects of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Lemborexant Compared With Suvorexant and Zolpidem in Recreational Sedative Users.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Research Progress and Future Perspectives of Orexin Receptor Antagonists in Insomnia Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sleep regulates drug seeking and relapse - a perspective.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- The determination of the novel insomnia medication lemborexant using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, and its quantitation in clinical and forensic samples.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Orexin System in the Pharmacological Management of Insomnia and Other Diseases: Suvorexant, Lemborexant, Daridorexant, and Novel Experimental Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Real-world data on the abuse potential of medications for the treatment of insomnia: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- A Simple, Sensitive, and Greener HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Two Novel Orexin Receptor Antagonists.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Emerging and upcoming therapies in insomnia.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Abuse potential assessment of the dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant in rats.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The abuse potential of lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Wake Up America: National Survey of Patients' and Physicians' Views and Attitudes on Insomnia Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Comparative efficacy and safety of suvorexant and lemborexant for insomnia treatment.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Targeting Orexin Receptors for the Treatment of Insomnia: From Physiological Mechanisms to Current Clinical Evidence and Recommendations.Nature and science of sleep · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLemborexant (LEM) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of insomnia in adults in multiple countries including the the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia and several Asian countries. PROCEDURES: This was a randomized, single-dose, single-center, double-blind, active-control, 6-way crossover study to evaluate LEM abuse potential. The study assessed oral doses of LEM 10 mg (LEM10), 20 mg (LEM20), and 30 mg (LEM30) compared with placebo (PBO), zolpidem (ZOL) immediate release 30 mg, and suvorexant (SUV) 40 mg. Subjects were healthy, nondependent, recreational sedative users able to discriminate/like the effects of both SUV and ZOL from PBO during a qualification phase.
resultsAbuse potential endpoints were analyzed in qualified subjects who received and completed all treatments (n = 32). On the "at this moment" drug-liking visual analog scale (VAS), mean maximum (peak) effect (primary endpoint) values were 78.4, 80.5, and 83.6 for LEM10, LEM20, and LEM30, respectively, which were all significantly greater than PBO (57.8; all P > 0.05) but not different from SUV (76.1) or ZOL (78.3). Similarly, for secondary endpoints overall drug-liking VAS and take-drug-again VAS, mean maximum (peak) effect values for all LEM doses were significantly greater than PBO ( P > 0.05) but not different compared with ZOL or SUV.
conclusionsFor all doses, LEM demonstrated abuse potential versus PBO and appeared to have a similar abuse potential profile to ZOL and SUV in this study population. Lemborexant was well tolerated. Lemborexant has been placed in Schedule IV, the same drug schedule as ZOL and SUV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.