ArticleJCO global oncology2022
Defining Essential Childhood Cancer Medicines to Inform Prioritization and Access: Results From an International, Cross-Sectional Survey.
Article in JCO global oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Global burden and inequalities of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among children aged 0-14 years, 1990-2021: a GBD 2021 analysis with forecasts to 2035.Jornal de pediatria · 2026Article
- Enabling precision medicine and targeted therapeutics in low- and middle-income country.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicities in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using a Child- and Caregiver-Reported Outcome Tool in Tanzania.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Article
- Changes in essential cancer medicines and association with cancer outcomes: an observational study of 158 countries.BMC cancer · 2024Observational
- Article
- Tumour lysis syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Alignment in the registration, selection, procurement and reimbursement of essential medicines for childhood cancers in South Africa.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Evidence of clinical benefit of WHO essential anticancer medicines for children, 2011-2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAccess to essential cancer medicines is a major determinant of childhood cancer outcomes globally. The degree to which pediatric oncologists deem medicines listed on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) essential is unknown, as is the extent to which such medicines are accessible on the front lines of clinical care.
methodsAn electronic survey developed was distributed through the International Society of Pediatric Oncology mailing list to members from 87 countries. Respondents were asked to select 10 cancer medicines that would provide the greatest benefit to patients in their context; subsequent questions explored medicine availability and cost. Descriptive and bivariate statistics compared access to medicines between low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and high-income countries (HICs).
resultsAmong 159 respondents from 44 countries, 43 (27%) were from LMICs, 79 (50%) from UMICs, and 37 (23%) from HICs. The top five medicines were methotrexate (75%), vincristine (74%), doxorubicin (74%), cyclophosphamide (69%), and cytarabine (65%). Of the priority medicines identified, 87% (27 of 31) are represented on the 2021 EMLc and 77% (24 of 31) were common to the lists generated by LMIC, UMIC, and HIC respondents. The proportion of respondents indicating universal availability for each of the top medicines ranged from 9% to 46% for LMIC, 25% to 89% for UMIC, and 67% to 100% for HIC. Risk of catastrophic expenditure was more common in LMIC (8%-20%), compared with UMIC (0%-28%) and HIC (0%).
conclusionMost medicines that oncologists deem essential for childhood cancer treatment are currently included on the EMLc. Barriers remain in access to these medicines, characterized by gaps in availability and risks of catastrophic expenditure for families that are most pronounced in low-income settings but evident across all income contexts.
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