ArticlePloS one2022
Oxidation-reduction and photophysical properties of isomeric forms of Safranin.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
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5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Safranine O is widely used in the bioenergetics community as an indicator dye to determine membrane potentials and as an electron transfer mediator in potentiometric titrations. Here we show that two different commercial preparations of Safranine O contain less than sixty percent by weight of the title compound, with the rest primarily consisting of two closely related safranine isomers. All three major isomer components were isolated using reverse phase HPLC and their structures determined using mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR. These Safranines have two-electron midpoint potentials ranging from -272 to -315 mV vs. SHE. We have also investigated the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds and found that they display distinct spectral and photophysical properties. While this mixture may aid in Safranine O's utility as a mediator compound, membrane potential measurements must take this range of dye potentials into account.
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