Trial reportInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2022
Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale factors in treatment-resistant depression at onset of treatment: Derivation, replication, and change over time during treatment with esketamine.
Trial report in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appetite measures as correlates of clinical response in mood disorders treated with ketamine: systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of lavender oil preparation silexan on different symptoms of major depression - results from a randomized, controlled trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Trajectory of response to esketamine nasal spray for treatment resistant depression: Findings from ESCAPE-TRD.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of aticaprant, a kappa receptor antagonist, adjunctive to oral SSRI/SNRI antidepressant in major depressive disorder: results of a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale factors in treatment-resistant depression at onset of treatment: Derivation, replication, and change over time during treatment with esketamine.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2022Trial
- Comparative Effects of Behavioral Analysis Therapy of Feelings and Brief Focal Psychotherapy: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Assessor-Blinded Clinical Trial.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Orexinergic Dysregulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating MADRS, PSQI, and MoCA Scores.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Validation and clinical application of the Chinese version of the rapid response scale.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using a fine-tuned large language model for symptom-based depression evaluation.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Deep brain stimulation improves symptoms across all dimensions in treatment-resistant depression.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Esketamine use in real-world clinical practice in patients with treatment-resistant depression.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Association Between Childhood Trauma and Anhedonia-Related Symptoms: The Mediation Role of Trait Anhedonia and Circulating Proteins.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Deep immunophenotyping of circulating immune cells in major depressive disorder patients reveals immune correlates of clinical course and treatment response.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- A qualitative investigation of the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale: discrepancies in rater perceptions and data trends in remote assessments of rapid-acting antidepressants in treatment resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- A factor analytic comparison of three commonly used depression scales (HAMD, MADRS, BDI) in a large sample of depressed inpatients.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Suicidal Ideations in Major Depressed Subjects: Role of the Temporal Dynamics of Anhedonia.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDerive and confirm factor structure of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and evaluate how the factors evident at baseline change over 4 weeks of esketamine treatment.
methodsTwo similarly-designed, short-term TRANSFORM trials randomized adults to esketamine or matching placebo nasal spray, each with a newly-initiated oral antidepressant, for 4 weeks (TRANSFORM-1: N = 342 patients; TRANSFORM-2: N = 223 patients). The factor structure of MADRS item scores at baseline was determined by exploratory factor analysis in TRANSFORM-2 and corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis in TRANSFORM-1. Change in MADRS factor scores from baseline (day 1) to the end of the 28-day double-blind treatment phase of TRANSFORM-2 was analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM).
resultsThree factors were identified based on analysis of MADRS items: Factor 1 labeled affective and anhedonic symptoms (apparent sadness, reported sadness, lassitude, inability to feel), Factor 2 labeled anxiety and vegetative symptoms (inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties), and Factor 3 labeled hopelessness (pessimistic thoughts, suicidal thoughts). The three-factor structure observed in TRANSFORM-2 was verified in TRANSFORM-1. Treatment benefit at 24 h with esketamine versus placebo was observed on all 3 factors and continued throughout the 4-week double-blind treatment period.
conclusionsA three-factor structure for MADRS appears to generalize to TRD. All three factors improved over 4 weeks of treatment with esketamine nasal spray.
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