ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2022
Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with pathogenic CSF profiles and worse clinical status in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06591429 (Investigation of Smoldering Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of Smoldering Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between chronic active lesions and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Metabolic changes in normal-appearing white matter associate with MRI measures of disease burden in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over three years.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hidden Pitfall in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging: How Standard Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) May Miss Paramagnetic Rim Lesions.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with choroid plexus inflammation and expansion over 5 years in people with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neurodegeneration correlates of iron-related lesions and leptomeningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis clinical subtypes.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesions in early multiple sclerosis: a 7 Tesla imaging study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Automated segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions, paramagnetic rims, and central vein sign on MRI provides reliable diagnostic biomarkers.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Associations Between Paramagnetic Rim Lesion Evolution and Clinical and Radiologic Disease Progression in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2024Article
- Fenebrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks distinct human microglial signaling pathways.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Assessing disease progression and treatment response in progressive multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Imaging chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Smoldering Inflammation and the Central Vein Sign.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Central Vein Sign and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions: Susceptibility Changes in Brain Tissues and Their Implications for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chronic Active Lesions and Larger Choroid Plexus Explain Cognition and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Lesion-level correspondence and longitudinal properties of paramagnetic rim and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid-related tissue damage in multiple sclerosis patients with iron rim lesions.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Microglia in the context of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Paramagnetic rim lesions and the central vein sign: Characterizing multiple sclerosis imaging markers.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of NeuroimagingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParamagnetic rims have been observed as a feature of some multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and indicate compartmentalized inflammation.
objectiveTo investigate clinical, MRI, and intrathecal (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) associations of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) using 3T MRI in MS.
methodsThis is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. All patients underwent 3T MRI using a T2*-weighted sequence with susceptibility postprocessing (susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) protocol, GE). SWAN-derived filtered-phase maps and corresponding T2-FLAIR images were manually reviewed to determine PRL. Descriptive statistics,
resultsA total of 147 MS patients were included; 79 of whom had available CSF. Forty-three percent had at least one PRL. PRL status (presence/absence) did not vary by sex or Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) but was associated with younger age, shorter disease duration, worse disease severity, high-efficacy therapy use, and poorer dexterity, as well as lower age-adjusted brain volumes and cognitive processing speeds. PRL status was moreover associated with blood-brain barrier disruption as determined by pathologically elevated albumin quotient. Sensitivity analyses remained supportive of these findings.
conclusionPRLs, an emerging noninvasive biomarker of chronic neuroinflammation, are confirmed to be associated with greater disease severity and newly shown to be preliminarily associated with blood-brain barrier disruption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.