ArticleCirculation2022
Socioeconomic Deprivation: An Important, Largely Unrecognized Risk Factor in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.
Article in Circulation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Models Considering Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Pooled it
- European guidelines for hypertension in 2024: a comparison of key recommendations for clinical practice.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Guideline
- Applying the RE-AIM implementation framework to evaluate diabetes health coaching in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and secondary analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammation, Metabolic Status and Mental Health as Potential Mediators of the Association Between Socioeconomic Deprivation and Frailty.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- 'Bringing services to communities: Identifying service users at risk of developing cardiovascular disease through mobile opportunistic screening in deprived or underserved communities'.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk prediction models for patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Data Resource Profile: Linking nationwide health and social registries in Estonia (BIG-HEART).International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- External validation of the SMART2 model for recurrent cardiovascular risk: performance in socioeconomic, ethnic and psychiatric subgroups.Open heart · 2026Article
- Inequalities in the provision of guideline-directed medical therapy following myocardial infarction: a cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- PREVENT Equation Performance in Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Groups.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating the treatment of vascular risk with simvastatin in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: analysis from the MS-STAT2 randomized controlled trial.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Risk prediction in people with acute myocardial infarction in England: a cohort study using data from 1521 general practices.BMJ open · 2025Article
- An overview of the association between socioeconomic deprivation and heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Genetics and context for precision health in Greater Boston.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Common inflammatory proteins linking frailty and area-level deprivation as key drivers of cardiovascular risk in women.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- External validation and comparison of six cardiovascular risk prediction models in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-Colombia study.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Social Deprivation on Outcomes in Forefoot Surgery.Foot & ankle international · 2025Article
- Race, Genetics, and Social Determinants of Health in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Literature Review and Call to Action.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Cardiotoxicity following thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer.British journal of cancer · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether deprivation status should be incorporated in more cardiovascular risk estimation scores remains unclear. This study evaluates how socioeconomic deprivation status affects the performance of 3 primary prevention cardiovascular risk scores.
methodsThe Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study was used to evaluate the performance of 3 cardiovascular risk scores with (ASSIGN [Assessing cardiovascular risk using SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) guidelines to ASSIGN preventive treatment]) and without (SCORE2 [Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 algorithm], Pooled Cohort Equations) socioeconomic deprivation as a covariate in the risk prediction model. Deprivation was defined by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation score. The predicted 10-year risk was evaluated against the observed event rate for the cardiovascular outcome of each risk score. The comparison was made across 3 groups defined by the deprivation index score consisting of group 1 defined as most deprived, group 3 defined as least deprived, and group 2, which consisted of individuals in the middle deprivation categories.
resultsThe study population consisted of 15 506 individuals (60.0% female, median age of 51). Across the population, 1808 (12%) individuals were assigned to group 1 (most deprived), 8119 (52%) to group 2, and 4708 (30%) to group 3 (least deprived), and 871 (6%) individuals had a missing deprivation score. Risk scores based on models that did not include deprivation status significantly under predicted risk in the most deprived (6.43% observed versus 4.63% predicted for SCORE2 [
conclusionsSocioeconomic status is a largely unrecognized risk factor in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Risk scores that exclude socioeconomic deprivation as a covariate under- and overestimate the risk in the most and least deprived individuals, respectively. This study highlights the importance of incorporating socioeconomic deprivation status in risk estimation systems to ultimately reduce inequalities in health care provision for cardiovascular disease.
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