ArticleBiomarker insights2022
Elevated Levels of Pleiotropic Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) are Critically Involved With the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19: An Updated Longitudinal Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on 147 Studies.
Article in Biomarker insights, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of supplementation with nutrients and dietary supplements on recovery and inflammatory response among patients with COVID-19: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Ixekizumab vs. low-dose IL-2 vs. Colchicine vs. standard of care in the treatment of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-critical COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical trial (STRUCK: Survival Trial Using Cytokine Inhibitors).Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Trial
- The Association Between Peak IL-6 Levels, In-Hospital Mortality, and Selected Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Temporary Hospital in Gdansk-A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Periodontal Disease Elevates IL-6 Levels During Initial Symptoms of COVID-19.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Correlation between the severity of COVID-19 infection and the presence of oropharyngeal candidiasis: a cross-sectional study in Al-Diwaniyah Hospital, Iraq.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- A novel metric-based approach of scoring early host immune response from oro-nasopharyngeal swabs predicts COVID-19 outcome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Multi-cohort study on cytokine and chemokine profiles in the progression of COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- IL-6 and SAA-Strong Predictors for the Outcome in COVID-19 CKD Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Soluble TREM-1 plasma concentration predicts poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Article
- A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19: Evaluation of the Early Role of IL-1 and IL-6 Antagonists in Improving the Outcome of the Illness and Reduction in the Risk of Death.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Serum and Urinary Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients with or without Baseline Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Cytokine Levels and Severity of Illness Scoring Systems to Predict Mortality in COVID-19 Infection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ultrasensitive Detection of Interleukin 6 by Using Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Review
- The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Apoptotic cells for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cognitive dysfunction associated with COVID-19: Prognostic role of circulating biomarkers and microRNAs.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- COVID19 biomarkers: What did we learn from systematic reviews?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 associated with disease severity.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Disruption in the natural immune reaction due to SARS-CoV-2 infection can initiate a potent cytokine storm among COVID-19 patients. An elevated level of IL-6 and IL-10 during a hyperinflammatory state plays a vital role in increasing the risk of severity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels as biomarkers for detecting the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. Authorized databases were searched to extract suitable studies using specific search terms. RevMan 5.4 was applied for performing the meta-analysis. Mean differences in IL-6 and IL-10 levels were calculated among COVID-19 patients via a random-effects model. NOS scoring, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were checked to ensure study quality. Results: A total of 147 studies were selected, with 31 909 COVID-19 patients under investigation. In the severity analysis, the mean concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 cases than in the non-severe cases (MD: 19.98; Conclusions: Elevated levels of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 signifies worsening of COVID-19. To monitor the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, IL-6 and IL-10 should be considered as potential biomarkers for severity and mortality detection in COVID-19. Systematic review registration: INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202240046.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.