ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2022
Using Semiology to Classify Epileptic Seizures vs Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Meta-analysis.
Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Investigating mechanisms and monitoring outcomes in functional neurological disorder: the unrealized potential of digital remote monitoring technologies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Quantifying the impact of a computer-aided diagnostic score on the clinical diagnosis of functional seizures.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Pregnancy outcomes and changes to seizure frequency during pregnancy for patients with functional seizures.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2025Article
- How Neurologists Combine Clinical Signs and Subjective Factors to Diagnose Epileptic and Functional Seizures: Insights From Seizure Video Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Seminars in epileptology: How to diagnose status epilepticus in adults and children.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025Review
- Supervised machine learning compared to large language models for identifying functional seizures from medical records.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Applications to Epilepsy: a Review for the Practicing Epileptologist.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Why functional neurological disorder is not feigning or malingering.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Prevalence and predictors of co-occurring functional seizure in patients with epilepsy at a tertiary care center in Makkah.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
- Evidence-Based Mind-Body Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Functional Neurological Disorder.Harvard review of psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A misdiagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and epileptic seizures (ES) is common. In the absence of the diagnostic gold standard (video EEG), clinicians rely on semiology and clinical assessment. However, questions regarding the diagnostic accuracy of different signs remain. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of semiology in PNES and ES. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Medline for original research publications published before 8 February 2021 with no restriction on search dates to identify studies that compared semiology in ES and PNES in epilepsy monitoring units. Non-English publications, review articles, studies reporting on only PNES or ES, and studies limited to patients with developmental delay were excluded. Study characteristics and proportions of event groups and patient groups demonstrating signs were extracted from each article. A bivariate analysis was conducted, and data were pooled in a random effects model for meta-analysis. The Results: The meta-analysis included 14 studies comprising 800 patients with ES and 452 patients with PNES. For PNES, ictal eye closure (PLR 40.5 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.2-101.3; Discussion: While all signs require an interpretation in the overall clinical context, the presence of ictal eye closure and asynchronous limb movements are reliable discriminative signs for PNES.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.