Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2022
The Investigation of Hepatitis B Vaccine Immune Responses in Occult Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative vaccinated healthcare workers in East Gojjam zone hospitals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rapid and reagent-free screening of occult hepatitis B virus infection based on plasma Vis-NIR spectral pattern recognition.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Transfusion-transmitted occult hepatitis B virus infection: current understanding, challenges, and its implication in blood safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B: Model Systems and Therapeutic Approaches.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: There is no effective treatment for occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) patients, and immunotherapy may be one of the most promising options. We aim to investigate the underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential of hepatitis B vaccine immunotherapy for OBI patients. Methods: Outpatient OBI patients were screened and randomly divided into treatment (Group A) and control (Group B) groups. At weeks 0, 4, and 24, patients in Group A received a subcutaneous/intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, 20 μg/time) according to the standard vaccination schedule; patients in Group B served as blank control. The patients were followed for 36 weeks, with clinical, biochemical, virological, immunological, and imaging data collected and analyzed at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 36, respectively, and the relation between the virology and immunology results was analyzed. Results: Of the 228 OBI patients, 28 were excluded, and 200 were enrolled for observation. In the end, 44 patients were included in Group A and 39 in Group B after excluding lost cases. At week 0 (baseline), some patients in two groups had liver disease symptoms, HBV-related liver function damage, and liver fibrosis. 86.36% (38/44) and 82.05% (32/39) patients were positive for serum hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in Group A and Group B, respectively, with the median (quartile) of 42.47 (16.85, 109.1) and 39.27 (16.06, 117.4) mIU/ml, respectively. Reduced peripheral blood CD4 Correlation Analysis: Anti-HBs in Group A patients were positively correlated with B lymphocytes (r=0.3431, 0.3087, and 0.3041, respectively) and positively correlated with CD8 Conclusion: Virological reactivation is a risk for OBI patients. Serum hepatitis B surface antibodies were significantly increased after hepatitis B vaccine treatment, the same as the numbers of peripheral blood B and CD8
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