ArticleViruses2022
Association of Increased Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression and Regulatory T Cells Infiltration with Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Mutant after Curative Surgical Resection.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential oncogenic role of occult hepatitis B virus pre-S mutations: Activation of Akt/mTOR/Cyclin D1 signaling drives cell cycle dysregulation and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Low Tumor miR-369-3p Levels Combined with Plasma Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Gene Deletion Mutation Predict Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Regulatory T-cell remodeling across the HBV infection-cirrhosis continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Mutant-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although surgical resection is available as a potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high recurrence of HCC after surgery remains a serious obstacle for long-term patient survival. Therefore, the discovery of valuable prognostic biomarkers for HCC recurrence is urgently needed. Pre-S2 mutant is a mutant form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface protein which is expressed from the HBV surface gene harboring deletion mutations spanning the pre-S2 gene segment. Pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients have been regarded as a high-risk population of HCC recurrence after resection surgery and display increased immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and pro-tumor regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in tumor tissues. In this study, the association of higher levels of PD-L1 expression and Tregs infiltration in tumor tissues with post-operative HCC recurrence in pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients was evaluated. We found that patients with pre-S2 mutant in combination with higher levels of PD-L1 expression and Tregs infiltration in tumor tissues were independently associated with a higher risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.109;
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