Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35746342›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement.

Victor H R Cardoso, Paulo Caldas, Maria Thereza R Giraldi, Cindy Stella Fernandes, Orlando Frazão, João C W Albuquerque Costa, José Luís Santos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Victor H R CardosoApplied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4218-0292
Paulo CaldasInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-3223-9783
Maria Thereza R GiraldiLaboratory of Photonics, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8066-6395
Cindy Stella FernandesFaculty of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Marabá 68507-590, Brazil.
Orlando FrazãoInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
João C W Albuquerque CostaApplied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4482-6886
José Luís SantosInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.

Funding

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 200269/2021-6
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expansion since it depends on the water soil deficit. For some species, these radial variations can change in around 5 mm. This paper proposes and experimentally investigates a sensor based on a core diameter mismatch technique for diameter changes measurement. The sensor structure is a combination of a cylindrical piece developed using a 3D printer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The pieces were developed to assist in monitoring the diameter variation. It is formed by splicing an uncoated short section of MMF (Multimode Fiber) between two standard SMFs (Singlemode Fibers) called SMF-MMF-SMF (SMS), where the MMF length is 15 mm. The work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the sensor was fixed at two points on the first developed piece, and the diameter reduction caused dips or peaks shift of the transmittance spectrum due to curvature and strain influence. The fixation point (FP) distances used are: 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Finally, the setup with the best sensitivity was chosen, from first results, to develop another test with an optimization. This optimization is performed in the printed piece where two supports are created so that only the strain influences the sensor. The results showed good sensitivity, reasonable dynamic range, and easy setup reproduction. Therefore, the sensor could be used for diameter variation measurement for proposed applications.

Indexed as

Fiber Optic TechnologyInterferometryEquipment DesignOptical FibersWaterWaterdiameter monitoringoptical sensoroptical strain gaugeSMS

Identifiers

PMID35746342
PMCPMC9227895

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.