ReviewPharmaceutics2022
A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed.
- Autologous cord bloodWorld journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Antibody-Based Biologics for CNS Disorders.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A‑iMPO: A Design-Time Prediction Toolbox for Blood Brain Barrier Permeation Using an Integrated and Interpretable Multiparameter Optimization Framework.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Cellular and signalling mechanisms that regulate the blood-brain barrier.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Quantitative Structural Thresholds for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Derived from Experimental logBB Measurements.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Advances in Intranasal CNS Targeting: Integrating Formulations, Devices, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and 3D Printing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Liposomal nanoprobes actuated by engineered water channels for sensitive detection of molecular targets by MRI.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A Physiological Microfluidic Blood-Brain-Barrier Model for In Vitro Study of Nanoparticle Trafficking and Accumulation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Brain Delivery of Antibody-Derived Biologicals for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Narrative Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies for Overcoming Biological Barriers: Tumor Microenvironment and Blood-Brain Barrier.Drugs in R&D · 2026Review
- Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Standardizing TEER Measurements in Blood-Brain Barrier-on-Chip Systems: A Systematic Review of Electrode Designs and Configurations.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Research trends and hotspots of nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease: bibliometric analysis.Discover nano · 2026Review
- The Role of TNF-α in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Building the blood-brain barrier: a scalable self-assembling 3D model of the brain microvasculature under unidirectional flow.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Small Molecule Cocktail DLC79 Suppresses Gliomagenesis by Activating Ascl1 and Remodeling Transcriptome.Cells · 2026Article
- Prodrug-ML: prodrug-likeness prediction via machine learning on sampled negative decoys.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.