ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Withaferin A (WA) against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Immune Cells Derived from BALB/c Mice.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Withania somnifera: Regulation of Innate Immune Cells and Clinical Implications.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APs) and Eugenol: Multi-target Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and anticancer effects validated by in Silico studies.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Elucidation of gene clusters underlying withanolide biosynthesis in ashwagandha through yeast metabolic engineering.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Cell-drug conjugates: a novel drug delivery system for cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Chemoproteomics reveals proteome-wide covalent and non-covalent targets of withaferin A.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Targeting Respiratory Viruses: The Efficacy of Intranasal mRNA Vaccination in Generating Protective Mucosal and Systemic Immunity Against Influenza A (H1N1).Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Synergistic inhibitory effect of atmospheric pressure plasma and berberine on non‑small cell lung cancer cells via inducing apoptosis.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Identification and experimental validation of diagnostic and prognostic genes CX3CR1, PID1 and PTGDS in sepsis and ARDS using bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Combined Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Nanoformulation for Effective Treatment of Ocular Vascular Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Fraxin in Combination with Dexamethasone Attenuates LPS-Induced Liver and Heart Injury and Their Anticytokine Activity in Mice.Advances in virology · 2023Article
- Evaluating anticancer properties of Withaferin A-a potent phytochemical.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: Inflammation is one of the primary responses of the immune system and plays a key role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Recent reports suggest that various phytochemicals exhibit promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activities with relatively few undesirable effects, thus offering a viable option to deal with inflammation and associated diseases. The current study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of withaferin A (WA) in immune cells extracted from BALB/c mice. (2) Methods: MTT assays were performed to assess the cell viability of splenocytes and anti-inflammatory doses of WA. Under aseptic conditions, the isolation of macrophages and splenocytes from BALB/c mice was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of WA. Analysis of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and associated signaling mediators was performed using proinflammatory assay kits, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoblotting, while the quantification of B and T cells was performed by flow cytometry. (3) Results: Our results demonstrated that WA exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages and splenocytes derived from BALB/c mice, respectively. Mechanistically, we found that WA promotes an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages by attenuating the secretion and expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the inflammation modulator NO, both at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively. Further, WA inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammatory signaling by dephosphorylation of p-Akt-Ser473 and p-ERK1/2. This dephosphorylation does not allow IĸB-kinase activation to disrupt IĸB-NF-ĸB interaction. The consistent interaction of IĸB with NF-ĸB in WA-treated cells attenuates the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling mediators Cox-2 and iNOS expression, which play crucial roles in inflammatory signaling. Additionally, we observed significant immunomodulation of LPS-stimulated spleen-derived lymphocytes by suppression of B (CD19) and T (CD4
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