ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Personalized Therapy in Heart Transplantation: New Strategies and Preliminary Results in Endomyocardial Biopsies.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- ABCC2 rs2273697 is an independent determinant of tacrolimus intra-patient variability during the first year after kidney transplantation.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Torque Teno Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Perspectives on Its Role as a Complementary Marker in Monitoring Net Immunosuppression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Comparing Whole-Blood and Plasma Tacrolimus Intra-Patient Variability for Predicting Allograft Rejection in Kidney Transplantation.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Precision Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Agent Concentrations in Cardiac Tissue of Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- Review of Association between Urinary Tract Infections and Immunosuppressive Drugs after Heart Transplantation.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Recommend an Individual Dose of Tacrolimus in Adult Heart Transplant Recipients.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Quality-by-Design Approach for Investigating the Efficacy of Tacrolimus and Hyaluronic Acid-Loaded Ethosomal Gel in Dermal Management of Psoriasis: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant drug approved both in the US and in the EU, widely used for the prophylaxis of organ rejection after transplantation. This is a critical dose drug: low levels in whole blood can lead to low exposure and a high risk of acute rejection, whereas overexposure puts patients at risk for toxicity and infection. Both situations can occur at whole-blood concentrations considered to be within the narrow TAC therapeutic range. We assumed a poor correlation between TAC trough concentrations in whole blood and the incidence of acute rejection; therefore, we propose to study TAC concentrations in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). We analyzed 70 EMBs from 18 transplant recipients at five scheduled follow-up visits during the first year post-transplant when closer TAC monitoring is mandatory. We observed five episodes of acute rejection (grade 2R) in three patients (2 episodes at 0.5 months, 2 at 3 months, and 1 at 12 months), when TAC concentrations in EMBs were low (63; 62; 59; 31; 44 pg/mg, respectively), whereas concentrations in whole blood were correct. Our results are preliminary and further studies are needed to confirm the importance of this new strategy to prevent acute rejection episodes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.