ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Development of Radiotracers for Imaging of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Tumour Microenvironment-Informed Radiotheranostics: Why and How Nuclear Medicine Could Advance Precision Oncology in the Decade Ahead.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Personalized Immunotherapy for T Cell Lymphomas: From Immune Escape to Precision Therapeutics.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Granzyme B-Targeting Quenched Activity-Based Probes for Assessing Tumor Response to Immunotherapy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Radiotherapy Improves Antitumor Immunity by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death in Breast Cancer Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Structure-activity relationship ofEJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
- Establishing Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models of Lymphomas.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Validation of the C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) as a target for PET imaging of T cell activation.EJNMMI research · 2024Article
- Chelator impact: investigating the pharmacokinetic behavior of copper-64 labeled PD-L1 radioligands.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2024Article
- Illuminating immunotherapy response via precision T cell-targeted PET imaging.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Navigating the landscape of PD-1/PD-L1 imaging tracers: from challenges to opportunities.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Innovative applications and future trends of multiparametric PET in the assessment of immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule-Based Radioligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Exploring Hydrophilic PD-L1 Radiotracers Utilizing Phosphonic Acids: Insights into Unforeseen Pharmacokinetics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Evaluation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- On the Road towards Small-Molecule Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 Positron Emission Tomography Tracers: A Ligand-Based Drug Design Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Design and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule PET-Tracers for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1.Cancers · 2023Article
- Skin Cancer Pathobiology at a Glance: A Focus on Imaging Techniques and Their Potential for Improved Diagnosis and Surveillance in Clinical Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has emerged as a major treatment option for a variety of cancers. Among the immune checkpoints addressed, the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are the key targets for an ICI. PD-L1 has especially been proven to be a reproducible biomarker allowing for therapy decisions and monitoring therapy success. However, the expression of PD-L1 is not only heterogeneous among and within tumor lesions, but the expression is very dynamic and changes over time. Immunohistochemistry, which is the standard diagnostic tool, can only inadequately address these challenges. On the other hand, molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provide the advantage of a whole-body scan and therefore fully address the issue of the heterogeneous expression of checkpoints over time. Here, we provide an overview of existing PET, SPECT, and optical imaging (OI) (radio)tracers for the imaging of the upregulation levels of PD-1 and PD-L1. We summarize the preclinical and clinical data of the different molecule classes of radiotracers and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. At the end, we show possible future directions for developing new radiotracers for the imaging of PD-1/PD-L1 status in cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.