ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Amphiphilicity-Controlled Localization of Red Emitting Bicationic Fluorophores in Tumor Cells Acting as Bio-Probes and Anticancer Drugs.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenothiazine-Based Nanoaggregates: Dual Role in Bioimaging and Stem Cell-Driven Photodynamic Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lighting-Up the Far-Red Fluorescence of RNA-Selective Dyes by Switching from Ortho to Para Position.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Cellular Phototoxicity Activated by Triplet Dynamics in Aggregates of Push-Pull Phenothiazine-Based Isomers.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Small organic molecules arouse lively interest for their plethora of possible biological applications, such as anticancer therapy, for their ability to interact with nucleic acids, or bioimaging, thanks to their fluorescence emission. Here, a panchromatic series of styryl-azinium bicationic dyes, which have already proved to exhibit high water-solubility and significant red fluorescence in water, were investigated through spectrofluorimetric titrations to assess the extent of their association constants with DNA and RNA. Femtosecond-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy was also employed to characterize the changes in the photophysical properties of these fluorophores upon interaction with their biological targets. Finally, in vitro experiments conducted on tumor cell lines revealed that some of the bicationic fluorophores had a peculiar localization within cell nuclei exerting important antiproliferative effects, others were instead found to localize in the cytoplasm without leading to cell death, being useful to mark specific organelles in light of live cell bioimaging. Interestingly, this molecule-dependent behavior matched the different amphiphilicity featured by these bioactive compounds, which are thus expected to be caught in a tug-of-war between lipophilicity, ensured by the presence of aromatic rings and needed to pass cell membranes, and hydrophilicity, granted by charged groups and necessary for stability in aqueous media.
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