ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Chlorpromazine, a Clinically Approved Drug, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid-Mediated Induction of IL-6 in Human Monocytes.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 blockade in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Anti-psychotic drugs act synergistically in combination with antifungal drugs to inhibit drug-resistantmSphere · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells-In Vitro Studies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 pleiotropy with brain imaging-derived phenotypes highlights novel insights into the biology shared between immune function and brain variation.Brain communications · 2026Article
- NMR Crystallographic Investigation Coupled with Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveals the Nature of Disorder in Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Solvatomorphs.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Adsorption of Chlorpromazine on the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Effect on the Toxicity to Selected Mammalian Cells.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rapid colorimetric sensing of chlorpromazine HCl antipsychotic throughRSC advances · 2024Article
- Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Six Decades of Dopamine Hypothesis: Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor the New D2?Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
- Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2?Viruses · 2023Review
- Clinical and laboratory features in health care volunteers with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Innovative, rapid, high-throughput method for drug repurposing in a pandemic-A case study of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus, led to the unprecedented mobilization of scientists, resulting in the rapid development of vaccines and potential pharmaceuticals. Although COVID-19 symptoms are moderately severe in most people, in some cases the disease can result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure as well as can be fatal. The severe course of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory state called a cytokine storm. One of the key cytokines creating a proinflammatory environment is IL-6, which is secreted mainly by monocytes and macrophages. Therefore, this cytokine has become a target for some therapies that inhibit its biological action; however, these therapies are expensive, and their availability is limited in poorer countries. Thus, new cheaper drugs that can overcome the severe infections of COVID-19 are needed. Here, we show that chlorpromazine inhibits the expression and secretion of IL-6 by monocytes activated by SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid protein and affects the activity of NF-κB and MEK/ERK signaling. Our results, including others, indicate that chlorpromazine, which has been used for several decades as a neuroleptic, exerts antiviral and immunomodulatory activity, is safe and inexpensive, and might be a desirable drug to support the therapy of patients with COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.