ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Effects of Noncontact Shoulder Tool Velocities on Friction Stir Joining of Polyamide 6 (PA6).
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- An innovative approach to welding robot operator reliability analysis using extended TESEO and HEART methods.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimizing Friction Stir Spot Welding Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Properties of PA6.Polymers · 2025Article
- Thermomechanical Modeling of Material Flow and Weld Quality in the Friction Stir Welding of High-Density Polyethylene.Polymers · 2023Article
- Technologies for Joining and Forming Thin-Walled Structures in the Construction of Transportation Vehicles.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
In this study, the effects of the traverse and rotational velocities of the noncontact shoulder tool on the heat generation and heated flux during the friction stir joining of high-density polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer were investigated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was employed to simulate the thermomechanical phenomena during the friction stir joining (FSJ) process of PA6. A developed model was used to consider the void formation and thermochemical properties of PA6. The surface and internal heat flow, material flow, and geometry of the joint were simulated, and an experimental study evaluated the simulation results. The simulation results indicated that the stir zone formed was smaller than regular joints with a noncontact shoulder tool. Despite the polymer's traditional FSJ, heat generation and material flow do not differ significantly between advancing and retreating sides. On the other hand, the surface flow is not formed, and the surface temperature gradient is in a narrow line behind the tool. The material velocity increased at higher rotational speed and lower transverse velocity and in the stir zone with more giant geometry forms. The maximum generated heat was 204 °C, and the maximum material velocity was predicted at 0.44 m/s in the stir zone, achieved at 440 rpm and 40 mm/min tool velocities.
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