ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Differences in Ectopic Pregnancy Rates between Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer after In Vitro Fertilization: A Large Retrospective Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in Chinese population: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A case series: thirty-three cases with heterotopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A valuable predictive model for optimizing the timing of oocyte retrieval: a retrospective analysis of oocyte retrieval time in 49,961 oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Article
- Impact of salpingectomy on the risk and characteristics of ectopic pregnancy after IVF/ICSI in patients with ectopic pregnancy history: A large retrospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes of Freeze-All versus Fresh Embryo Transfer in Women with Adenomyosis: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is increasingly found in women treated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF−ET). With the development of the freeze-all policy in reproductive medicine, it is controversial whether frozen embryo transfer (FET) could reduce the rate of EP. In this single-center, large-sample retrospective study, we analyzed 16,048 human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-positive patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) or FET cycles between January 2013 and March 2022. Throughout the study, the total EP rate was 2.09% (336/16,048), 2.16% (82/3803) in the ET group, and 2.07% (254/12,245) in the FET group. After adjustment for age, infertility causes, and other confounding factors, logistic regression results showed no statistical difference in EP rates between FET and ET groups (odds ratio (OR) 0.93 (0.71−1.22), p > 0.05). However, among the 3808 patients who underwent fresh ET cycles, the OR for EP was significantly lower in the long agonist protocol group than in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol group (OR 0.45 (0.22−0.93), p < 0.05). Through a large retrospective study, we demonstrated a slightly lower EP rate in FET cycles than in fresh ET cycles, but there was no significant difference. The long agonist protocol in ET cycles had a significantly lower risk of EP than the GnRH-ant protocol.
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